Origin
Synnotia variegata Sweet var. variegata, also known as the Variegated Synnotia, is a plant species endemic to the eastern regions of Australia, particularly along the eastern coast of New South Wales and southern Queensland. It is commonly found in subtropical rainforests and sclerophyll forests in elevations ranging from 50 to 1500 meters above sea level.
Common names
The Synnotia variegata Sweet var. variegata is commonly known as the Variegated Synnotia or the Variegated Pittosporum due to its resemblance to the Pittosporum genus. It is also called the Queensland Ivorywood, Northern Penda, or Yellow Wood.
Uses
The Variegated Synnotia is often planted as an ornamental tree or shrub in gardens, parks, and public spaces due to its attractive variegated foliage and fragrant flowers. Its wood is also used in cabinetry and furniture-making, while its bark and leaves have been used by Indigenous Australians for medicinal purposes, including treating skin ailments, rheumatism, and respiratory ailments.
General appearance
The Variegated Synnotia is a small to medium-sized tree or shrub that can reach up to 10 meters tall. It has an oval-shaped crown and a single main trunk with smooth, grayish-brown bark. Its leaves are leathery, glossy, and variegated dark green and cream, with wavy edges and a lanceolate shape that tapers at both ends. The plant produces clusters of small, fragrant cream-colored flowers that bloom in spring and summer, followed by small capsule fruits that contain numerous seeds.
Light Requirements
Synnotia variegata Sweet var. variegata is a tropical plant that requires bright but indirect light to thrive. It should be placed in a location with filtered sunlight or partial shade to avoid damage caused by direct exposure to the sun.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers warm temperatures between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius. Temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius can cause damage to the leaves and even lead to the death of the plant. It is crucial to keep the plant away from cold drafts, air conditioning vents, and heating appliances.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-draining soil with a pH range between 6 and 6.5. A combination of peat moss, sand, and perlite is an ideal growing medium. Avoid overwatering the plant as it can lead to root rot. Ensure the soil is dry before watering again and never let it sit in standing water.
Cultivation Methods
Synnotia variegata Sweet var. variegata is a hardy plant that thrives in most soil types and climatic conditions. It is best planted in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The plant prefers full sun to partial shade and can be propagated by seeds or cuttings. It is advisable to space out the plants at least two feet apart to give room for proper growth and development.
Watering Needs
Synnotia variegata Sweet var. variegata requires moderate watering, especially during the growing stage. The plant prefers evenly moist soil, but it should not be waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot, which can significantly damage the plant. It is advisable to water the plant deeply, allowing the water to penetrate the soil and reach the roots.
Fertilization
The plant requires regular fertilization to thrive. It is advisable to use a balanced fertilizer, which provides essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The fertilizer should be applied during the growing season, and the frequency of application depends on the soil fertility and plant requirements. Over-fertilization can lead to excessive foliage growth, which can weaken the plant.
Pruning
Synnotia variegata Sweet var. variegata requires little to no pruning. However, it is advisable to remove any dead or damaged branches or twigs to improve the plant's appearance. Pruning also improves air circulation and increases the plant's resistance to diseases and pests. It is advisable to prune the plant during the dormant season to minimize any stress on the plant.
Propagation of Synnotia variegata Sweet var. variegata
Synnotia variegata Sweet var. variegata can be propagated through various methods:
Seeds
Seeds can be collected from the mature fruits of the plant. The seeds should be cleaned and sown in a well-draining potting mix. The potting mix should be kept moist but not waterlogged. The seeds usually germinate within 4 to 6 weeks.
Cuttings
Softwood cuttings can be taken from the plant during the growing season. The cuttings should be about 8 cm long and should have at least 2 leaves. The leaves on the lower end of the cutting should be removed, and the cutting should be dipped in a rooting hormone before planting it in a well-draining potting mix. The cutting should be kept in a warm, humid place and should be watered regularly. The cutting usually roots within 4 to 6 weeks.
Division
The plant can be divided during the growing season. The mature plant should be carefully lifted from the soil and the root ball should be divided into smaller sections. Each section should have enough roots and shoots to form a new plant. The divided plants should be planted in well-draining potting mix and kept moist until they establish.
Disease and Pest Management for Synnotia Variegata Sweet var. Variegata
Synnotia variegata Sweet var. variegata, also known as the Red Edge Dracaena, is a popular ornamental plant. However, like any other plant, it is susceptible to diseases and pests. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant, and ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
Leaf Spot: This is a fungal disease that causes circular or angular yellow or brown spots on the leaves. The spots may enlarge and merge, causing the leaf to wither and die. To manage this disease, remove any infected leaves and avoid getting water on the leaves. Use a fungicide if the disease persists.
Root Rot: This is a fungal disease that affects the roots of the plant, causing them to become soft, brown, and mushy. The plant may wilt and die. To manage this disease, ensure that the plant is not overwatered, and the soil is well-draining. If the soil is infected, repot the plant in fresh soil, making sure to remove any infected roots.
Bacterial Soft Rot: This is a bacterial disease that causes the leaves of the plant to become soft and mushy. The leaves may also have a foul odor. To manage this disease, remove any infected leaves and avoid getting water on the leaves. Use a bactericide if the disease persists.
Common Pests
Mealybugs: These are soft-bodied insects that suck on the sap of the plant, causing yellowing and stunting. They also leave a sticky residue on the leaves. To manage these pests, wipe the leaves with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol. You can also use an insecticide if the infestation is severe.
Spider Mites: These are tiny insects that feed on the underside of the leaves, causing them to have a stippled appearance. They also leave a webbing on the leaves. To manage these pests, spray the leaves with a strong stream of water to dislodge them. You can also use an insecticide if the infestation is severe.
Scale Insects: These are small insects that attach themselves to the stems and leaves of the plant, sucking on the sap. They secrete a protective covering, making them difficult to remove. To manage these pests, wipe the leaves and stems with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol. You can also use an insecticide if the infestation is severe.
By monitoring the plant regularly and recognizing the early signs of diseases and pests, you can manage them effectively and keep your Synnotia variegata Sweet var. variegata healthy and thriving.
