Overview of Synnema angolense S.Moore
Synnema angolense S.Moore is a shrubby plant that originates from Angola. It belongs to the Family Rubiaceae, which are mostly native to tropical and subtropical regions. The plant is known for its medicinal properties and is used by traditional healers for treating various ailments.
Common Names of Synnema angolense S.Moore
Synnema angolense S.Moore is known by various common names, including "Mupanda-mbelu" in the Chokwe language and "Mafuka" in the Kimbundu language, both spoken in Angola. In English, it is referred to as "Angolan fever tree" or "Angolan cassia".
Uses of Synnema angolense S.Moore
Traditionally, Synnema angolense S.Moore has been used to treat fever, malaria, abdominal pain, and other ailments. The bark and leaves of the plant are used to make traditional remedies, which are administered orally. It is also used as a purgative and a diuretic.
In addition to its medicinal properties, Synnema angolense S.Moore is prized for its timber. The wood is used for making furniture, construction, and fuelwood.
Appearance of Synnema angolense S.Moore
Synnema angolense S.Moore is a small shrub or tree that can grow up to 6 meters tall. The bark is grayish-brown, and the leaves are dark green, elliptical, and arranged in opposite pairs. The flowers are small, white, and fragrant, and are arranged in clusters. The fruit is a capsule containing many small, flat seeds.
Overall, Synnema angolense S.Moore is a versatile plant that has been used for generations for its medicinal and practical uses.
Growth Conditions of Synnema angolense S.Moore
Synnema angolense S.Moore is a beautiful plant that belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. This plant is native to Angola and can be found in the forested regions of the country. The plant grows typically up to 6 meters in height, and it has been cultivated as an ornamental plant worldwide.
Light Requirements
Synnema angolense S.Moore requires bright but indirect light for optimal growth. This means that the plant should not be placed in direct sunlight because it can scorch the leaves. The ideal location for this plant is near a window that receives bright light but with some shade protection. If grown indoors, the plant should be placed in a well-lit room with plenty of natural light.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Synnema angolense S.Moore is between 20°C to 30°C. The plant does not tolerate extreme temperatures and cold drafts can damage it. Therefore you need to ensure that the plant is placed in a room with a stable temperature, and away from air conditioning or heating vents.
Soil Requirements
The growing medium for Synnema angolense S.Moore should be well-draining, with a pH range between 5.5 to 7.0. A mixture of potting soil, sand, and perlite can be an ideal choice for the plant. This mixture will allow water to drain properly and prevent the roots from rotting. You should also avoid overwatering the plant, as it can lead to root rot.
Fertilizer Requirements
Synnema angolense S.Moore is not a heavy feeder, therefore you should fertilize it sparingly. A balanced liquid fertilizer with half the recommended strength can be applied every two to three months during the growing season. Avoid fertilizing the plant during the dormant season, as it can lead to fertilizer burn.
Humidity Requirements
The Synnema angolense S.Moore plant prefers high humidity levels, similar to its natural environment. You can increase humidity levels around the plant with a humidifier or by misting the foliage regularly. This will not only help the plant to grow but also protect it from pests and diseases.
Propagation Requirements
The propagation of Synnema angolense S.Moore can be done by stem cuttings or by seed. Cuttings should be taken during the growing season, and the base of the cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone before planting them. Seed propagation is also possible by soaking the seeds overnight and planting them in a seedling mix.
Cultivation Methods for Synnema angolense
Synnema angolense is a tropical plant that thrives in warm and humid conditions, making it an ideal indoor plant. When growing indoors, it is best to keep the plant in a location that receives bright, indirect light. It's also important to ensure that the plant is not exposed to direct sunlight which may cause the leaves to scorch. The plant prefers well-draining soil and is susceptible to root rot, so adequate drainage is fundamental.
Watering Needs for Synnema angolense
Synnema angolense requires regular watering to keep its soil moist. However, it should not be overwatered, as this may lead to root rot. It is advisable to check the soil's moisture level before watering. As a rule of thumb, the plant's soil should be dry to a depth of about an inch before watering.
Fertilization of Synnema angolense
Fertilizing is vital to the plant's growth and productivity. Synnema angolense should be fertilized at least once a month with a balanced fertilizer diluted to half strength. Overfertilization may cause damage to the plant's roots.
Pruning Synnema angolense
Pruning the plant helps to maintain its shape and improve its growth. It is advisable to prune Synnema angolense during the growing season. The plant should be pruned down to a leaf node, and any yellow or diseased leaves should be removed. Pruning should be done using sterilized tools to prevent the spread of diseases.
Propagation of Synnema angolense S.Moore
Synnema angolense S.Moore, also known as the Angolan Tea Tree, is a popular ornamental plant due to its attractive foliage and fragrant flowers. It can be propagated in a number of ways, including by seed, cuttings, and grafting.
Propagation by Seed
Propagation by seed is the most common method for Synnema angolense, and it is relatively easy. Seeds should be collected from mature fruit capsules when they turn brown, dry, and begin to split open. The seeds should be cleaned, sterilized, and sown in well-draining soil mix. They should be kept moist and warm, and within 1-2 months, germination should occur.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is also possible, but it is more challenging because the plant is slow-growing. Cuttings should be taken from mature, healthy plants during the growing season and rooted in a rooting hormone. The cuttings should be placed in well-draining soil mix and kept warm and moist. Rooting should occur within several months, and the young plants should be transplanted to larger pots as they grow.
Propagation by Grafting
Propagation by grafting is the most challenging method for Synnema angolense, and it is only recommended for experienced gardeners. Grafting involves taking a stem cutting from the desired plant and attaching it to a rootstock of a related species. The two plants must be of similar size and growth habits, and the graft must be carefully monitored for success.
Overall, propagating Synnema angolense S.Moore can be rewarding and enjoyable for gardeners who want to grow this attractive plant in their gardens or homes. Whether you choose to propagate by seed, cuttings, or grafting, it's important to remember to provide the plant with the right growing conditions, including bright indirect light, warm temperatures, and well-draining soil.
Disease and Pest Management for Synnema angolense S.Moore
Synnema angolense S.Moore is a relatively resistant plant having fewer diseases and pest problems. To keep the plant healthy, it's essential to take care of various environmental factors such as temperature, watering, and sunlight. However, like all plants, Synnema angolense S.Moore might fall victim to diseases and pests.
Common Diseases that Affect Synnema angolense S.Moore
Some of the common diseases that might affect this plant include:
- Root Rot: Root rot affects the roots of the plant, leading to decay and eventual death. Overwatering often leads to this disease, which might also occur in poorly drained soils.
- Canker: Canker forms on the trunk, branches, or stems of Synnema angolense S.Moore, leading to dark, sunken lesions. The cankers might girdle the plant, causing death in severe cases.
- Leaf spot: Leaf spot causes small, circular spots on the leaves of the plant. The spots may coalesce, forming larger areas of the dead leaf tissue.
Pest Management for Synnema angolense S.Moore
Some of the common pests that might affect Synnema angolense S.Moore include aphids, spider mites, and mealybugs. To manage these pests:
- Aphids: Aphids suck plant sap, causing the plant to weaken and eventually die. To control aphids, you could use insecticidal soap or neem oil sprays.
- Spider mites: Spider mites cause yellowing and mottled leaves, which might also fall off. To manage spider mites, you could use a neem oil solution or release predatory mites.
- Mealybugs: Mealybugs form colonies on plant stems and leaves, causing the plant to weaken and die. To manage mealybugs, you could use a cotton ball soaked in rubbing alcohol to remove the infestation from the plant.
Regular inspection of the plant is necessary to notice any signs of pests and diseases to take timely action. Following appropriate cultural practices, providing optimal conditions, and using biological control agents can also help prevent the spread of diseases and pests.
