Overview
Synadenium angolense N.E.Br. is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is native to tropical Africa, particularly Angola and Zambia.
Common Names
Synadenium angolense is commonly known as the Angola tree or Angola rubber. It is also known by other names such as Candelabrum tree, African milk bush, and snake-euphorbia.
Uses
The Angola tree has several uses in traditional medicine. The plant's sap is used to treat skin rashes, ringworm, and other skin diseases. The roots and bark are used to treat diarrhea, fever, and headaches. The plant is also used to alleviate pain from rheumatism, arthritis, and other joint pains. In addition, the Sap of the plant is used as a fish poison and insect repellent.
The Angola rubber's sap is also used for industrial purposes. The sap is harvested and processed into a high-quality rubber that is used in making tires, rubber bands, and other rubber materials. The tree's wood is also used in making furniture and other household items. The plant can be grown as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks.
Appearance
The Angola tree is a succulent shrub or small tree that can reach heights of up to 6 meters. The plant has a single stem that branches outwards, and it has a symmetrical and bushy appearance. The stems are thick, fleshy, and green in color, with visible leaf scars along the length of the stem. The plant has green leaves that are oval-shaped, and they are arranged in clusters that are spaced along the stem. The leaves are shed during droughts to save the plant water. The Angola tree has small, greenish-yellow flowers that are borne in clusters near the tips of the branches.
Light Requirements
The Synadenium angolense N.E.Br. plant requires bright but indirect sunlight for optimum growth. It is essential to provide the plant with plenty of light to ensure that it can photosynthesize and develop adequately. Direct sunlight can cause the leaves to scorch and can damage the plant. Therefore, it is advisable to place the Synadenium angolense N.E.Br. plant where it can benefit from the morning or evening sun while avoiding the harsh afternoon sun rays.
Temperature Requirements
The Synadenium angolense N.E.Br. is a tropical plant and, therefore, thrives in warm conditions. Ideal temperatures for growth should be kept between 68 and 86 degrees Fahrenheit (20-30 °C). Temperatures falling below 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 °C) can harm the plant, leading to slowed growth or leaf drop. The plant's temperature requirements vary depending on the season.
Soil Requirements
The Synadenium angolense N.E.Br. plant requires a well-draining soil mix with good fertility to perform optimally. The soil should be rich in organic matter and free-draining. A mixture of potting soil, coarse sand, and perlite is ideal for growing the plant. The soil pH should range between 6 to 7.5. Soil acidity can affect the plant's growth, leading to stunted growth, yellow leaves, or plant death.
Cultivation Methods
The Synadenium angolense N.E.Br., also known as African milk bush or Kigelia Africana, is a succulent plant that thrives in warm and arid environments. As such, it is essential to keep the plant in an area with adequate sunlight and minimal humidity. To cultivate this plant, it is necessary to ensure the soil is well-draining to prevent waterlogging.
When planting, it is preferable to use a potting mix rich in sand or perlite to enhance drainage of excess water. The plant's ideal temperature range is between 70 to 85°F (21 to 29°C), and placing it in an area with such temperatures ensures proper growth.
Watering Needs
Adequate watering helps maintain the plant's health, and it is essential to avoid over or under watering. The African milk bush plant prefers minimal watering, with the soil drying out between watering intervals. During the plant's growing season, it requires watering once every two to three weeks. During winter dormancy, the watering can be further reduced to once every month.
It is also useful to examine the plant's foliage carefully during the watering process to ensure proper absorption. Overwatering causes the leaves to yellow and drop, while underwatering leads to wrinkling and shriveling of the plant.
Fertilization
Synadenium angolense N.E.Br. is a slow-growing plant and requires minimal fertilization to maintain its health. A slow-release fertilizer is best, and it should be administered during the growing season, approximately once every four to six weeks.
Additionally, it is essential to employ a fertilizer high in potassium and phosphorus, which helps promote blossoming and foliage health. Over-fertilizing harms the plant, leading to stunted growth, burnt foliage, and inter-nodal stretching. Regular soil tests provide a comprehensive analysis of the plant's nutritional requirements, ensuring you provide the necessary mineral elements.
Pruning
Pruning entails the removal of dead, damaged or diseased tissues, which enhances plant health and enhances its aesthetic value. In the case of African milk bush, pruning serves to control its growth and shape.
It is advisable to prune the plant in the growing season, ensuring the cuttings are well healed before the onset of winter dormancy. The plant is toxic, so it is essential to wear protective gloves and clean all pruning equipment with a solution of disinfectant to avoid spreading harmful diseases.
When pruning, it is essential to eliminate branches growing at weird angles and stems that have become too leggy or overcrowded. The prune should be close to the branch intersection, avoiding leaving stubs.
By following these tips, you can cultivate and maintain a Synadenium angolense N.E.Br., ensuring its beauty and health all year round.
Propagation Methods of Synadenium angolense N.E.Br.
Synadenium angolense N.E.Br., commonly known as the African milk bush, is a succulent plant that can be propagated through various methods, including stem cuttings, leaf cuttings, and seed propagation.
Stem Cuttings
Stem cuttings are the most common method used for propagating Synadenium angolense. This method involves taking cuttings from the stem of the plant, allowing them to callus over, and then planting them in well-draining soil. It is best to use cuttings that are approximately 10-15cm long and make sure they are taken from healthy, disease-free plants. The cuttings must be allowed to callus for a few days before planting, which helps to prevent the cuttings from rotting. Once planted, the cuttings need to be kept moist but not waterlogged until roots are established.
Leaf Cuttings
Another method of propagation for Synadenium angolense is leaf cuttings. This method involves taking a healthy leaf from the plant and placing the cut end in a well-draining, light soil mix. It is important to keep the soil mix moist and to place the cutting in a warm, humid location, preferably with some indirect light. Roots will form in a matter of weeks, after which the young plants can be transplanted to a larger pot.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is also an option for Synadenium angolense, but it is less common than stem or leaf cuttings. Seeds should be planted in a well-draining soil mix, lightly covered with soil, and kept moist until germination. Once seedlings have emerged, they will need to be transplanted to larger pots or into the garden when they are large and strong enough.
In conclusion, Synadenium angolense can be propagated relatively easily through stem cuttings, leaf cuttings, and seed propagation. With these propagation methods, gardeners can easily propagate and enjoy the unique beauty of this succulent plant.
Disease and Pest Management for Synadenium angolense N.E.Br.
Synadenium angolense N.E.Br. is a beautiful plant, but it is often affected by various pests and diseases. Proper disease and pest management practices are crucial to maintain the plant's health and keep it thriving. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect Synadenium angolense N.E.Br. and ways to manage them:
Diseases:
Fungal Diseases: The most common fungal diseases that affect Synadenium angolense N.E.Br. are leaf spot and stem rot. These diseases cause the leaves to turn yellow or brown and eventually fall off. For effective management, you can use a fungicide that targets the specific fungus causing the disease. Ensure that you follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and apply the fungicide as per the recommended intervals.
Bacterial Diseases: The plant is also susceptible to bacterial infections like bacterial canker, which causes yellowing and wilting of the leaves. Currently, no known cure exists for bacterial infections. The only way to manage them is by removing the infected plant parts and keeping the plant healthy.
Pests:
Spider Mites: These microscopic pests are hard to see but cause leave discoloration and webbing. Frequent misting of the plant may help control these pests. If they persist, you can use an insecticidal soap or neem oil to control the infestation.
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are easy to spot as they appear as white, cotton-like masses on the leaves, and the stem. They suck sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and leaf discoloration. To control their infestation, you can use a solution of water and alcohol to wipe off their populations or an insecticidal soap.
Scale Insects: They are hard brown or white bumps on the plant stems or leaves. These pests secrete honeydew, which attracts ants and causes black mold on the leaves. To control their population, you can use an insecticidal soap or neem oil and prune the affected parts of the plant. Proper plant care practices such as regular fertilization and appropriate watering can help prevent infestations.
By keeping a close eye on your Synadenium angolense N.E.Br. plants for disease and pest problems, you can catch them early and take preventive measures to avoid widespread infestations. Proper disease and pest management will help keep your plant thriving and healthy.
