Overview
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A.& D. Löve var. spatelliforme (Burgess) Nesom, commonly known as the spathulate-stemmed aster, is a sub-species of the Symphyotrichum lateriflorum species in the Asteraceae family. This herbaceous perennial plant is native to North America, typically found in central to eastern regions of the United States and southern regions of Canada.
Appearance
Spreading up to 3 feet wide, the spathulate-stemmed aster typically grows up to 4 feet tall with slender, branching stems that are purple or green in color. The plant has ovate to lanceolate leaves that vary in length and can be up to 4 inches long, and are covered with fine hairs. In late summer to early fall, the plant produces small flowers in clusters that are white or light pink in color, with yellow centers. The flowers bloom on the upper side of the stem and create a beautiful and delicate display.
Uses
The spathulate-stemmed aster has many practical and aesthetic uses. It is often used in wildflower gardens and meadows to attract bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. Additionally, the plant can be used as an ornamental addition to gardens or as a cut flower. Certain Native American tribes have been known to use the plant for medicinal purposes such as treating colds and fever or making a tea to relieve anxiety and other ailments.
Common Names
The spathulate-stemmed aster is known by many common names including Broadleaf Calico Aster, Lady in Black, Forest Aster, and Spathulate-leaved Aster.
Light Requirements
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum var. spatelliforme prefers to grow in areas with full sun exposure. It can tolerate some partial shade, but it may lead to a decrease in flower production.
Temperature Requirements
The plant thrives in cold temperate climates, preferably those with long, cool summers and well-defined winters. It has a high tolerance for frost and can often survive in regions with snow cover during winter. Extreme heat and prolonged periods of drought, on the other hand, may be detrimental to the plant's health.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained soil but can also tolerate moist soils. Symphyotrichum lateriflorum var. spatelliforme also grows well in sandy or loamy soils. The ideal soil pH level is between 6.0 and 7.5. In areas with poor soil quality, it may be necessary to amend the soil with organic material such as compost or leaf mold to improve its nutrient content and water-retaining capacity.
Cultivation of Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A.& D. Löve var. spatelliforme (Burgess) Nesom
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A.& D. Löve var. spatelliforme (Burgess) Nesom is a perennial plant that is hardy in USDA zones 3 to 8. It prefers to grow in full sun to partial shade and well-draining soil. While it can tolerate drought conditions, it grows best in moist soil.
Watering Needs
To encourage healthy growth, it is important to keep the soil consistently moist. Water the plant regularly, especially during hot and dry weather. Be careful not to overwater, as this can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
Apply a balanced fertilizer to the plant in the spring, just before new growth appears. Be sure to follow the package instructions for the correct amount and method of application.
Pruning
To keep the plant looking its best, prune back the stems to half their height after flowering. This will encourage bushier growth and prevent the plant from becoming too leggy.
Propagation of Symphyotrichum lateriflorum var. spatelliforme
Propagation of Symphyotrichum lateriflorum var. spatelliforme can be carried out by several methods, including:
Seed Propagation
Seeds of Symphyotrichum lateriflorum var. spatelliforme are readily available and can be sown indoors in early spring or directly in the ground after the last frost date. The seeds should be planted 1/8 inch deep in well-draining soil. Germination usually occurs within 10-14 days.
Division
Another effective method of propagation is division of established plants. This can be done in either spring or fall. Dig up the plant and gently pull the clump apart, making sure each section has roots and shoots. Replant the new divisions immediately in a well-prepared bed.
Cuttings
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum var. spatelliforme can also be propagated by stem cuttings. Take cuttings in early spring before new growth begins. Choose a stem that is healthy and has at least two nodes. Remove any leaves from the lower node and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a moist rooting medium and place in a warm and bright location. Keep the soil moist until roots develop, which usually takes 4-6 weeks. Transplant the cuttings to individual pots or to a prepared bed.
Disease Management
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A.& D. Löve var. spatelliforme (Burgess) Nesom, commonly known as the calico aster, is susceptible to various diseases that can affect its growth and development. Some common diseases that affect the calico aster include:
- Leaf Spot: This disease is characterized by brown spots on the leaves of the plant. It is caused by various fungi, and the infected leaves can be easily removed to prevent the spread of the disease.
- Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease can cause a powdery white coating on the leaves and stems of the plant. It can be prevented by avoiding overhead watering and ensuring adequate air circulation around the plants.
- Rust: Rust is a fungal disease that causes orange or brown spots on the leaves and stems of the plant. Remove infected leaves and stems and ensure adequate air circulation around the plants.
To manage diseases in calico asters, it is important to maintain good plant hygiene. Remove any dead or infected plant material immediately, and ensure adequate spacing between plants to facilitate adequate air circulation. Additionally, regular inspection of the plants for early signs of disease can help to prevent the spread of diseases.
Pest Management
The calico aster is also susceptible to various pests, including:
- Aphids: These small insects can cause distortion of leaves and the stunting of plant growth. They can be controlled through natural predators, such as ladybugs, or through the use of insecticidal soap.
- Spider Mites: Spider mites are small pests that can cause a stippling effect on the leaves, causing them to turn yellow or brown. They can be controlled through regular watering and the use of insecticidal soap.
- Thrips: Thrips are small insects that can cause leaf discoloration and premature flower drop. They can be controlled through the use of insecticidal soap and the removal of any infected plant material.
To manage pests effectively, it is important to regularly inspect the plants for signs of pest infestation. Encourage natural predators, such as ladybugs and lacewings, to help control pest populations. If chemical control is necessary, use only as a last resort and follow all label instructions carefully.
