Overview of Sutera subnuda
Sutera subnuda (N.E.Br.) Hiern is a flowering plant that belongs to the family of Scrophulariaceae. It is commonly found in South Africa and Namibia and goes by different names such as Bajila-khitomi, Bajilo and Glossotheca subnuda (old classification).
Appearance of Sutera subnuda
The Sutera subnuda plant has a trailing and spreading growth habit, reaching lengths of up to 1m. Its leaves are opposite, sessile and covered in short hairs along the veins and edges while the surface is smooth with the edges slightly rolled under. It produces numerous small, petite white or pink flowers that have four petals and bloom in clusters at the terminals or in the leaf axils.
Uses of Sutera subnuda
Sutera subnuda has a wide range of traditional uses. The plant has been used to treat a wide range of ailments from abdominal complaints to skin irritations. Skin diseases were treated by crushing the leaves and mixing them with water to create a paste which was applied topically. Others used it as a pain-reliever and to aid in digestion especially after eating fatty foods. The plant is also used to control soil erosion in coastal gardens and is grown for its ornamental value.
In recent years, research has shown that Sutera subnuda possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. This has led to interests in developing new pharmaceuticals from the plant that can be used to treat various ailments.
The ornamental value of this plant is also well recognised by gardeners around the world. The plant can be cultivated in baskets, containers or hanging pots to create a lush trailing effect. It is also used as ground cover in garden beds and rock gardens.
Light Requirements
Sutera subnuda requires bright, indirect light to thrive. In their natural habitat, they grow under partial shade in rocky areas, but they can adapt to indoor conditions. However, they should not be exposed to direct sunlight as it can scorch their foliage.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Sutera subnuda is between 15°C to 25°C. They can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°C, but anything below that can be detrimental to their growth. They do not do well in hot, humid environments, and they should be protected from drafty areas and sudden temperature changes.
Soil Requirements
Sutera subnuda grows best in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. A soil mix that consists of peat moss, perlite, and coarse sand maintains adequate moisture levels while allowing for proper drainage. The soil pH should be slightly acidic, ranging from 5.5 to 6.5. It is also important to avoid compacted soil as it can restrict root growth and cause root rot.
Cultivation methods
Sutera subnuda grows best in well-draining, moist soil. It prefers full sun to partial shade exposure and thrives in warm climates. The plant is usually grown from seeds, stem cuttings, or division of the root ball. Planting should be done in springtime, and the plant should be watered regularly in the early stages of growth to encourage rooting.Watering needs
Sutera subnuda requires moderate watering, and it is essential to ensure that the soil remains moist at all times. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so care should be taken to avoid this. The frequency of watering should be reduced during the winter or when the plant becomes dormant.Fertilization
Fertilization is essential to encourage healthy growth and blooming. The plant should be fed with a balanced fertilizer every two weeks during the growing season. It is advisable to opt for a water-soluble fertilizer. Overfertilizing should be avoided, as it can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers.Pruning
Pruning is essential to encourage bushy growth and to remove dead and diseased parts of the plant. It is advisable to prune just after flowering in the late summer to early fall. This time allows for new growth in the next spring season. The plant can be pinched or cut back to promote more flowers and a denser growth habit. It is also advisable to remove any dry or yellow leaves whenever noticed.Propagation of Sutera subnuda
Sutera subnuda is commonly propagated through stem cuttings or division of the root ball. Both methods are reliable and straightforward.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
To propagate Sutera subnuda through stem cuttings, follow these simple steps:
- Choose a healthy stem that is free from damage or disease.
- Take a cutting that is approximately 3-4 inches in length.
- Remove the lower leaves on the cutting, leaving only the top two or three leaves.
- Dip the cutting in rooting hormone powder, and then insert it in moist potting soil.
- Water gently, and keep the cutting in a warm, humid location with indirect sunlight.
- After four to six weeks, the cutting should develop roots and can be transplanted to a larger container or into the garden.
Propagation by Root Division
Propagation by root division is another reliable method for Sutera subnuda. Here are the steps to follow:
- Gently remove the plant from its container or the soil.
- Separate the root ball into two or more sections using a clean, sharp knife or garden shears.
- Make sure each section has several stems and a healthy root system.
- Plant each section in its own container or in the garden soil at the same depth as it was before.
- Water gently, and keep the transplants in a warm, humid location with indirect sunlight until they are established.
Regardless of the propagation method chosen, it is important to keep the new plants moist and out of direct sunlight until they have become established. With proper care, Sutera subnuda will grow and thrive, offering its beautiful, delicate flowers for many seasons to come.
Disease and Pest Management for Sutera subnuda (N.E.Br.) Hiern
Sutera subnuda (N.E.Br.) Hiern, commonly known as the creeping sutera, is a versatile plant that can grow indoors as well as outdoors. While it is generally a low maintenance plant, it can fall prey to a few diseases and pests. With timely care and attention, these problems can be effectively managed.
Common Diseases
Root Rot: Overwatering can lead to root rot. The soil must be well-drained, and watering must be done only when the soil is dry to the touch. In case of root rot, the plant must be removed from the soil, and the roots must be trimmed. The plant can then be repotted with fresh soil.
Mildew: High humidity can lead to mildew. The affected parts must be removed, and the plant must be wiped clean with a damp cloth. Proper air circulation and reducing watering frequency can prevent mildew from recurring.
Botrytis Blight: This disease is caused by high humidity and poor air circulation. Regular pruning and maintaining proper air circulation can prevent Botrytis Blight. If it occurs, the affected areas must be removed, and the plant must be treated with a fungicidal spray.
Common Pests
Spider Mites: Spider mites thrive in hot and dry conditions. Regularly spraying the plant with water can prevent spider mites. In case of an infestation, the plant must be treated with an insecticidal soap.
Mealybugs: These pests are generally found in the crevices of the plant. Cleaning the plant with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol can remove the mealybugs. Neem oil spray is also effective in controlling mealybugs.
Scale Insects: Scale insects feed on the plant's sap, which can weaken it. Rubbing alcohol or insecticidal soap can be used to remove scales. Horticultural oil sprays are also effective.
Regular inspection and care can prevent diseases and pests from affecting Sutera subnuda (N.E.Br.) Hiern. In case of an infestation or infection, timely action must be taken to manage the issue before it becomes severe.
