Overview
Suregada lithoxyla, also known as Borneo ironwood, is a species of tree in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to Borneo, an island shared by Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei. The plant is widely recognized for its remarkable strength and durable wood.
Appearance
The Borneo ironwood is a slow-growing tree that can grow up to 40 meters tall and have a trunk diameter of 160 centimeters. The plant's branches are smooth and grayish-brown while its leaves are oval-shaped, glossy, and dark green, measuring 10-30 cm long and 5-15 cm wide. It produces small and greenish flowers that mature into dark-red fruit the size of a golf ball approximately 2-4 cm in diameter. The tree's wood is hard, dense, and coarse-grained, with a uniform reddish-brown hue.
Common Names
Suregada lithoxyla has a plethora of common names, with Borneo ironwood being the most universal. In Indonesia, it is known as Uram / Umbin, while locals in Malaysia also call it Belian (easily confused with Eusideroxylon zwageri) and Balan. People in Brunei usually refer to it as Kayu Arang.
Uses
Borneo ironwood is an extremely beneficial species that has traditionally played an essential role in the construction industry in Malay Archipelago. In Borneo, the tree is a symbol of strength and durability, and the wood is used for everything from houses, bridges, boats, and utility poles.
The timber is highly resistant to moisture, decay, and insects, which makes it an incredibly popular building material among local communities. The plant’s wood is so sturdy that it is said to blunt the saws used to cut it.
In addition to its commercial value, Borneo ironwood has also shown therapeutic value. It has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine to treat various illnesses, such as cancer and liver disorders. Research studies have also highlighted its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor properties, suggesting that it could have great potential to treat various ailments.
Light Requirements
Suregada lithoxyla is a shade-loving plant that thrives in partial to full shade. It prefers moderate levels of light, and exposure to direct sunlight for extended periods can damage its leaves.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is native to tropical and subtropical regions and requires warm temperatures to grow well. Ideally, temperatures should be maintained between 20°C and 30°C throughout the year. It does not tolerate cold temperatures or frost, which can cause significant damage to its leaves and roots.
Soil Requirements
Suregada lithoxyla grows best in loose, well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. It prefers soils with a pH range between 5.5 to 6.5. The plant can tolerate moderate levels of soil salinity, but it does not grow well in waterlogged soils. Adding compost or other organic matter can improve soil fertility and water retention.
Cultivation Methods for Suregada lithoxyla
Suregada lithoxyla is a tropical plant that requires specific conditions for its successful cultivation. It thrives in warm temperatures between 68°F to 86°F (20°C to 30°C) & high humidity. It grows best in well-draining soil with high organic content.
The plant requires a lot of light, but excessive sunlight and prolonged exposure to the sun can harm the leaves. Therefore, ensure that the plant is shaded from direct sunlight by tall trees or other plants in your garden.
Watering Needs for Suregada lithoxyla
Watering needs for the plant Suregada lithoxyla are moderate, and it requires relatively moist soil. Too much water can lead to root rot and deteriorate the plant's health, and too little water can cause the leaves to wilt and fall off.
Water the plant regularly, especially in dry weather or when grown in pots. Ensure that there are drainage holes in the container to drain excess water.
Fertilization for Suregada lithoxyla
Fertilization is essential for the plant's growth and development. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal portions of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, every two weeks during the growing season.
Avoid using fertilizers with high nitrogen content, as they promote foliage growth and can lead to less prominent flowers. Also, avoid fertilizing during winter dormancy.
Pruning Suregada lithoxyla
Pruning the plant encourages healthy growth and improves the appearance of the plant. Prune the dead, diseased, or damaged branches that can hinder the plant's growth and spread diseases.
Also, remove any suckers that arise from the base of the plant, as they can weaken the plant. Prune early in the spring before the plant starts producing new growth.
Propagation of Suregada Lithoxyla
Suregada lithoxyla or commonly known as the coralwood tree is a tree species that belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is a tropical species that is mainly found in India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. The plant is known for its medicinal properties and is often used in traditional medicine.
Propagation Methods
Suregada lithoxyla can be propagated through seeds. The seeds are collected from mature fruits that are yellow to orange in color. The collected seeds are then washed and treated with a fungicide to prevent any fungal attack. It is advised to sow the seeds in a well-draining potting mix that contains sand, perlite, and compost. The seeds should be sown 2-3 cm deep in the soil.
The pot should be kept in a warm and humid place with indirect sunlight. The soil should be kept moist by watering regularly. It is important to note that the seedlings take some time to germinate. It can take up to two months for the seeds to germinate.
The plant can also be propagated through stem cuttings. The stem cuttings should be taken from mature trees during the monsoon season. The cuttings should be around 10-15 cm long and should have a few leaves. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cutting should be treated with rooting hormone.
The cutting should be planted in a well-draining potting mix and kept in a warm and humid place with indirect sunlight. The soil should be kept moist by watering regularly. The cutting will develop roots in a few weeks, and the plant can be transplanted to a bigger pot or directly in the ground.
Disease and Pest Management for Suregada lithoxyla
Suregada lithoxyla, commonly known as the rock tree or Buddha's coconut, is a hardy plant that requires minimal maintenance. However, like all plants, it is susceptible to certain diseases and pests that can impact its growth and overall health.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases affecting Suregada lithoxyla is leaf spot. This disease is caused by fungal pathogens, which thrive in warm and humid conditions. Symptoms include dark spots on the leaves, which can eventually lead to defoliation and stunted growth. To manage leaf spot, it is important to practice good sanitation techniques, such as removing infected leaves and avoiding overhead watering. Fungicides can also be applied as a preventative measure.
Root rot is another common disease that affects Suregada lithoxyla. This disease is caused by fungal pathogens and can lead to wilting, yellowing leaves, and eventually death. To manage root rot, it is important to ensure proper drainage and avoid overwatering. Fungicides can also be applied as a preventative measure.
Common Pests
Suregada lithoxyla is relatively pest-resistant, but there are a few common pests that may affect the plant. One of these pests is the mealybug, which feeds on the sap of the plant and can cause stunted growth and yellowing leaves. To manage mealybugs, it is important to regularly inspect the plant for signs of infestation and remove any affected areas. Insecticides can also be applied as a preventative measure.
The other common pest that may affect Suregada lithoxyla is the scale insect. This pest also feeds on the sap of the plant and can cause wilting, yellowing leaves, and stunted growth. To manage scale insects, it is important to regularly inspect the plant for signs of infestation and remove any affected areas. Insecticides can also be applied as a preventative measure.
Overall, Suregada lithoxyla is a hardy plant that is relatively easy to maintain. By following good sanitation techniques and regularly inspecting the plant for signs of disease or pest infestation, you can help ensure that your plant remains healthy and vibrant for years to come.
