Origin
Subularia aquatica L. var. americana (Mulligan & Calder) Boivin, commonly known as waterwort, is a species of aquatic plant that is native to North America, particularly in Canada and the northeastern region of the United States.
Common Names
Aside from waterwort, other common names of this plant include American awlwort, fanwort, and water fanwort.
Uses
Waterwort is often used as an oxygenator in ponds and aquariums since the plant's leaves are effective in releasing oxygen into the water. It is also known to be a food source for some aquatic animals, particularly the coot, a type of waterfowl. In addition, there are some traditional uses of waterwort in alternative medicine, such as for treating coughs and fever.
General Appearance
The waterwort plant is a submersed aquatic plant that has fan-shaped leaves that are fern-like and finely divided. The leaves are usually around 1 cm or less in length and have a slightly reddish tint towards the base. These leaves form dense mats on the water surface and can grow up to a height of 60 cm. Waterwort also has short, thin stalks and small white flowers that bloom above the water in the summer months. Overall, the plant's appearance is delicate and intricate, making it a popular choice for aquascaping.
Growth Conditions for Subularia aquatica L. var. americana
Light: This plant prefers full sunlight and grows best in open, sunny areas. It can tolerate some shade, but growth may be stunted in such conditions.
Temperature: Subularia aquatica L. var. americana thrives in cool temperatures. It is commonly found in bogs, marshes, and wetlands in northern North America, where temperatures are generally cooler. The ideal temperature range for growth is between 6-15°C.
Soil: The plant requires wet, poorly drained soil for optimal growth. It can tolerate a range of soil types, including sand, silt, and clay. However, the soil should be rich in organic matter to provide the necessary nutrients for growth.
Water: Subularia aquatica L. var. americana requires constant moisture for growth. It can tolerate standing water for extended periods but should not dry out completely. In natural habitats, it can grow submerged in water or in bog-like conditions where the water table is near the surface.
Nutrients: The plant requires a moderate amount of nutrients to grow. It can be fertilized with a balanced fertilizer to provide the necessary nutrients. However, over-fertilization should be avoided, as it can lead to algal blooms and other environmental problems.
Cultivation methods
Subularia aquatica L. var. americana (Mulligan & Calder) Boivin, commonly known as American waterwort, is a small, aquatic flowering plant that requires specialized conditions for optimal growth.
If attempting to cultivate this plant, it is recommended to do so in a pond or aquarium environment. Start with a container deep enough to accommodate the plant's root system and provide nutrient-rich soil in which to plant the waterwort.
It is important to maintain stable water conditions, such as temperature, pH level, and light exposure, as any changes can affect the plant's growth. Additionally, it is recommended to provide a water filter or aeration to increase the oxygen supply to the plant roots.
Watering needs
Since Subularia aquatica L. var. americana is an aquatic plant, it requires a consistent to moderate water supply. Regularly check the water level and ensure that it covers the root system, but avoid allowing the plant submerged completely. If water levels fluctuate, the plant may experience stress and damage.
It is essential to use high-quality and safe water sources free from chemicals that may harm the plant's growth and development. Avoid using hard water since it can cause mineral buildup, leading to poor growth or even death.
Fertilization
Subularia aquatica L. var. americana does not require frequent fertilization. Supplemental fertilization can be applied with caution during the growing season when the plant is actively developing.
Use fertilizer with a high nutrient content that can dissolve quickly in water to prevent mineral accumulation in the root system. It is vital to follow the manufacturer's instructions or use a low-dose, slow-release fertilizer designed for aquatic plants.
Pruning
Pruning is essential to keep Subularia aquatica L. var. americana healthy and prevent overgrowth. Trim the leaves and stems regularly to maintain the plant's shape and promote healthy growth.
When making cuts, always use sharp and clean tools, such as pruning shears, to prevent damaging the plant. If trimming is not done regularly, the plant may become too large and overcrowded, affecting its aesthetic value and overall health.
Propagation of Subularia aquatica L. var. americana (Mulligan & Calder) Boivin
Subularia aquatica L. var. americana (Mulligan & Calder) Boivin, commonly known as water awlwort or American waterwort, is a small aquatic plant that belongs to the family Brassicaceae. The plant is native to North America and can be found growing in ponds, lakes, and other shallow bodies of water. Propagation of this plant species can be achieved through different methods.
Seed Propagation
Subularia aquatica L. var. americana can be propagated by seeds. The seeds of this plant are very small and can be sown in seedbeds during the autumn. The seeds are to be kept moist and can be transplanted outdoors in wet or waterlogged soil. Seed propagation of this plant species requires some expertise and is not recommended for beginners.
Cutting Propagation
The propagation of Subularia aquatica L. var. americana can also be done through cuttings. This is a simple method that involves taking cuttings of about 5 cm in length and planting them in wet soil or mud. The cuttings should be kept moist and should not be allowed to dry out. The cuttings will develop roots within a few weeks and can be transplanted outdoors once they have established themselves.
Division Propagation
The process of dividing the root clumps of established plants is another method of propagating Subularia aquatica L. var. americana. Division of this plant species can be done in autumn or spring, and it requires that clumps of roots be separated and replanted in suitable aquatic soil. The new plants should be kept moist and warm and should be monitored for growth and signs of stress.
Overall, Subularia aquatica L. var. americana is an easy plant to propagate and grow, and it can quickly spread in the right growing conditions. Adequate lighting, regular watering, and suitable soil are necessary for successful propagation of this plant species.
Disease Management
Subularia aquatica L. var. americana is susceptible to various fungal pathogens that can cause diseases such as damping-off, root rot, and leaf spot. These diseases can lead to stunting, wilting, and ultimately death of the plant. To manage these diseases, it is essential to maintain proper sanitation practices in the growing area. Infected plant material should be removed and destroyed to prevent the spread of the disease. Additionally, fungicides such as copper-based products may be useful in controlling fungal pathogens.
Pest Management
The main pests that can affect Subularia aquatica L. var. americana are aphids and flea beetles. Aphids can cause distorted growth, yellowing of leaves, and the secretion of a sticky honeydew substance that can attract sooty mold. Flea beetles can cause extensive damage to the foliage of the plant, leading to reduced growth and ultimately death. To manage these pests, cultural and mechanical practices can be implemented. These include handpicking and removing infected leaves, using sticky traps, and promoting natural enemies such as ladybugs and lacewings. Additionally, insecticides may be used if populations become too high and threaten the health of the plant.
