Origin
Strychnos viridiflora De Wild., commonly known as the green-flowered monkey orange, is a plant species that belongs to the family Loganiaceae. The plant is native to western and central Africa, particularly in countries such as Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, and Gabon. It is commonly found in forests, woodlands, and savannas.
Common Names
The plant has several common names, including Bofeko in the Lomwe language of Mozambique, Ekpetono in the Edo language of Nigeria, and Wethe in the Ngbaka language of Congo. Other common names include green-fruited monkey orange, monkey apple, and wewe tree.
Uses
Strychnos viridiflora De Wild. has various uses, particularly in traditional African medicine. The stem bark, roots, and seeds of the plant are known to possess various medicinal properties and have been used to treat different ailments. In Nigeria, the plant is used to treat malaria, cough, gastrointestinal disorders, fever, and as a stimulant. In Cameroon, the macerated roots are used to treat fever, infertility, and ear pain. The seeds are also used as fish poison and to stupefy game.
General Appearance
The green-flowered monkey orange is a medium-sized tree that can grow up to 20 meters high. It has a straight trunk that is usually covered in greyish-brown bark, which can be smooth or rough depending on the age of the tree. The leaves are ovate to oblong in shape, with a glossy green surface. The plant has several fruits that are approximately 3-4 cm in diameter, with a greenish-yellow color when ripe. The fruit has a hard, woody exterior that splits open to reveal numerous seeds. The flowers of the plant are small and greenish-yellow in color and are only visible in the early stages of the tree's growth.
Typical Growth Conditions of Strychnos viridiflora De Wild.
Strychnos viridiflora De Wild., commonly known as the green-flowered monkey orange, is a shrub or tree that belongs to the Loganiaceae family. It is native to Central and West Africa, specifically in Angola, Cameroon, and Congo. This plant is highly valued for its medicinal properties, and its bark and roots are used to treat various ailments.
Light Requirements
Strychnos viridiflora De Wild. prefers partial shade to full sun exposure for optimal growth. In its natural habitat, the plant is usually found growing under the protection of other trees or in areas where dappled sunlight penetrates through the canopy. As such, it can tolerate low light conditions but thrives better in bright light. When grown indoors, the plant should be placed near a north-facing window or under artificial grow lights.
Temperature Requirements
The green-flowered monkey orange is a tropical plant and requires warm temperatures to grow. The ideal temperature range for the plant is between 20°C and 35°C. The plant can tolerate a minimum temperature of 15°C but cannot survive frost or freezing temperatures. Hence, it is best suited for tropical and subtropical regions. In regions with cooler climates, the plant can be grown indoors or in a greenhouse.
Soil Requirements
Strychnos viridiflora De Wild. is adaptable to various soil types, provided they are well-draining. However, the plant prefers loamy soils that are rich in organic matter. The pH level of the soil should be around 6.0 to 7.5. The plant can also tolerate slightly acidic or alkaline soils. When grown in containers, the plant should be planted in a well-aerated soil mix that contains perlite or sand to ensure good drainage.
Overall, Strychnos viridiflora De Wild. is a hardy plant that can adapt to various growth conditions. However, providing the plant with optimal light, temperature, and soil requirements can ensure its healthy growth and development.
Cultivation methods
Strychnos viridiflora De Wild. is a tropical plant that requires warm temperatures to grow. It is typically grown in well-drained soils that are high in organic matter. When planting, make sure to provide enough space between plants and ensure they receive adequate sunlight throughout the day.
The plant can be propagated by seeds or cuttings. Cuttings are typically taken in the spring or early summer and planted in a well-draining soil mixture. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged until the cuttings have rooted.
Watering needs
Strychnos viridiflora De Wild. requires regular watering, especially during the growing season. However, make sure not to overwater the plant as it can lead to root rot. It is best to water the plant deeply and allow the soil to dry out slightly between waterings.
Fertilization
The plant requires regular fertilization to maintain its growth and produce healthy foliage and flowers. A general-purpose fertilizer, high in nitrogen, can be applied during the growing season. Be sure to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Alternatively, organic fertilizers like compost can be used as well.
Pruning
Pruning helps maintain the shape and size of the plant as well as promote healthy growth. It is best to prune the plant in the spring before new growth appears. Dead or damaged branches should be removed, as well as any crowded or crossing branches.
It is essential to use pruning shears that have been sanitized to prevent the spread of disease from one plant to another. After pruning, make sure to clean up any debris around the plant to prevent pests and diseases from proliferating.
Propagation of Strychnos viridiflora De Wild.
There are two main methods of propagating Strychnos viridiflora De Wild.: seed propagation and vegetative propagation.
Seed propagation
The most common propagation method for Strychnos viridiflora De Wild. is seed propagation. The seeds should be collected from ripe fruits. The seeds should be cleaned and sown within a period of 1 to 2 days to ensure high germination rates. The seeds can be sown directly into well-draining soil or into seedling trays filled with a well-draining soil mix. If sowing directly into soil, the seeds should be sown at a depth of approximately 1-2 cm. If sowing into seedling trays, the seeds should be sown at a depth of approximately 0.5-1 cm. The seedlings should be watered regularly and kept in a semi-shaded area until they are large enough to be transplanted.
Vegetative propagation
Another method of propagating Strychnos viridiflora De Wild. is through vegetative propagation. This method involves using parts of the plant such as cuttings or rootstocks to propagate new plants. Softwood cuttings and semi-hardwood cuttings can be used for vegetative propagation. Softwood cuttings should be taken from the newest growth of the plant during the growing season, while semi-hardwood cuttings should be taken from slightly older growth prior to the onset of dormancy. The cuttings should be treated with rooting hormones before being planted in a well-draining soil mix. The cuttings should be kept in a shaded area and watered regularly until they have taken root and can be transplanted.
Disease Management
Strychnos viridiflora De Wild. is susceptible to various diseases that can affect its health and productivity. Here are some common diseases that might affect the plant:
- Fungal infections: Strychnos viridiflora De Wild. can be infected by various fungi, including leaf spot, powdery mildew, and root rot. You can manage fungal infections by removing infected plant parts, improving air circulation, and avoiding excessive watering. Additionally, you can apply fungicides to control fungal diseases.
- Bacterial infections: Some bacterial diseases can affect Strychnos viridiflora De Wild., such as bacterial blight. You can manage bacterial infections through cultural practices such as pruning, proper sanitation, and avoiding excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers. Additionally, you can apply bactericides to control bacterial diseases.
- Viral infections: Viral diseases can also affect Strychnos viridiflora De Wild., including mosaic virus and leaf curl virus. Unfortunately, there are no cures for viral diseases, and infected plants should be removed and destroyed to prevent spread.
Pest Management
Aside from diseases, Strychnos viridiflora De Wild. can also be affected by pests. Here are some common pests that might affect the plant:
- Whiteflies: Whiteflies can suck the sap from the leaves of Strychnos viridiflora De Wild. and weaken the plant. You can manage whiteflies by using sticky traps, releasing natural predators such as ladybugs, and using insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Aphids: Aphids can also suck the sap from the plant and transmit viruses. You can manage aphids using the same methods as whiteflies, including sticky traps, natural predators, and insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars can damage the leaves and fruits of Strychnos viridiflora De Wild. You can manage caterpillars by handpicking them or using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a natural bacterial pesticide.
By applying appropriate disease and pest management practices, you can ensure the health and productivity of Strychnos viridiflora De Wild. and enjoy its benefits for many years.
