Overview
Strychnos stenoneura Gilg & Busse is a species of flowering plant in the family Loganiaceae. It is indigenous to East Africa and is commonly known as the East African yellowwood or the mubuyu.
Appearance
The tree can reach a height of up to 30 meters and is characterized by a straight trunk with a diameter of up to 80 centimeters. The bark of the tree is grayish-brown and has small fractures that create a patterned appearance. The leaves are glossy green, smooth, and ovate in shape, with a length of 10 to 20 cm. The tree produces small, greenish-yellow flowers that bloom from December to April and are followed by fleshy, spherical berries that are green when unripe and turn yellow when ripe.
Uses
Strychnos stenoneura is a multipurpose tree with many uses. The bark of the tree is used by traditional healers as a remedy for various ailments, including malaria and digestive disorders. The wood is used in construction, while the fruit pulp is consumed by humans and animals alike. The seeds of the tree are toxic and are used as a poison for game meat.
In addition, the tree has cultural significance in many African communities. The large, barrel-shaped trunks are used as drums for traditional music, and the tree is considered a sacred symbol of strength and endurance.
However, the increasing demand for the tree's wood and bark for medicinal and commercial purposes has led to a decline in its population. As a result, the tree is now classified as near threatened, and efforts are being made to promote its conservation.
Light Requirements
Strychnos stenoneura generally requires a considerable amount of sunlight to grow healthily. This plant species requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight to grow optimally. Thus, it is recommended to place it in a location with access to direct sunlight to ensure healthy growth.
Temperature Requirements
The plant Strychnos stenoneura thrives well in moderately warm temperatures within the range of 15-27 °C. However, it can still survive in lower temperatures, but growth will significantly slow down. Therefore, it is essential to keep the temperature range moderate to ensure healthy growth.
Soil Requirements
Strychnos stenoneura prefers well-draining, light-textured soil that can hold moisture well. It is best to use a soil mix consisting of peat, sand, or perlite, which helps to maintain its pH level between 6.0 and 7.0. The soil should also contain a good amount of organic nutrients, which aids healthy growth and better yields. Regular fertilization can also help provide the plant with necessary nutrients.
Cultivation
Strychnos stenoneura Gilg & Busse, commonly known as the Ivory Coast Poison, is a tropical tree that thrives in warm, humid conditions. It prefers well-draining soil and is most commonly propagated by seed.
When planting, make sure the soil is loose and well-aerated to allow for proper root development. The ideal soil pH range for Strychnos stenoneura is between 5.5 and 6.5.
The plant can be grown both indoors and outdoors, but it requires bright, indirect sunlight for optimal growth. Outdoor plants should be protected from direct sunlight to prevent the leaves from burning.
Watering Needs
Proper watering is vital for the growth and survival of Strychnos stenoneura. The plant requires consistently moist soil, but be careful not to overwater as this can lead to root rot.
It is recommended to water the plant thoroughly when the top inch of soil feels dry. This will ensure that the roots have enough water to absorb, but the excess will drain away to prevent standing water.
Fertilization
Regular fertilization is important for the healthy growth of Strychnos stenoneura. The plant should be fed with a balanced fertilizer once a month during the growing season.
During the dormant season, reduce the frequency of fertilization to every other month. Be sure to follow the instructions on the fertilizer package carefully to prevent over-fertilization, which can lead to root burn.
Pruning
Pruning is not usually necessary for Strychnos stenoneura, but periodic shaping can help to maintain a desirable form. Cut back any damaged or diseased branches immediately to prevent the spread of infection.
If the plant becomes too large for its space, it can be pruned in late winter or early spring. Avoid excessive pruning, as this can have a negative impact on the health and growth of the tree.
Propagation of Strychnos stenoneura Gilg & Busse
Propagation is the process of creating new plants from existing ones. Strychnos stenoneura Gilg & Busse can be propagated by seeds, stem cuttings, and grafting.
Seed propagation
The seeds of Strychnos stenoneura Gilg & Busse can be collected when they are fully mature and ripe. The seeds should be cleaned and planted immediately in well-drained soil mixed with sand, and kept moist by watering twice daily. The seeds will usually germinate within 2-3 weeks, and the seedlings can be transplanted to their permanent location when they are 6-8 inches tall.
Stem cutting propagation
Strychnos stenoneura Gilg & Busse can also be propagated by stem cuttings. Cuttings should be taken from healthy, disease-free plants during the growing season when the plant is actively growing. The cuttings should be about 6 inches long and cut at an angle. The leaves should be trimmed to reduce moisture loss, and the cuttings can be dipped in rooting hormone to aid in the rooting process. The cuttings should be planted in soil mixed with sand, kept moist, and placed in a shaded location until new growth emerges.
Grafting propagation
Grafting involves the transplantation of a scion from one plant onto a rootstock of another plant. This method is often used in Strychnos stenoneura Gilg & Busse propagation to preserve the superior qualities of the parent plant. The scion should be taken from a healthy, disease-free plant during the dormant season and attached to the rootstock. The plants should be kept in a humid environment for several weeks until the graft begins to take, and then gradually acclimated to normal growing conditions.
Disease Management
Strychnos stenoneura Gilg & Busse is prone to various fungal diseases, including:
- Brown spot: This disease is caused by the fungus Phaeoisariopsis griseola and is characterized by small, circular brown spots on the leaves. The spots may coalesce and cause defoliation. Fungicides such as copper-based products and chlorothalonil can be used to manage brown spot.
- Anthracnose: Anthracnose is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum spp. and can cause dark sunken lesions on leaves, stems, and fruit. Preventative measures such as proper pruning practices and frequent garden cleanups can help reduce the incidence of anthracnose.
- Powdery mildew: Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease that affects many plant species, including S. stenoneura. It appears as a white powdery coating on the leaves and stems. Neem oil or baking soda spray can be used as a fungicidal treatment.
Pest Management
Various insect pests can infest S. stenoneura, including:
- Aphids: These are small green or black insects that can suck the sap off plants and transmit various plant viruses. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can be used to control aphids.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars are the larvae of moths and butterflies and can cause severe defoliation to plants. Handpicking or using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a safe and effective way to manage caterpillars.
- Mites: Spider mites are common pests that can infest S. stenoneura and cause yellowing leaves and stunted growth. Insecticidal soap, neem oil, or horticultural oil can be used to manage mites.
Regular monitoring, correct care practices and early intervention can help to prevent and manage pests and diseases in Strychnos stenoneura Gilg & Busse.
