Overview
Strychnos pseudo-jollyana A.Chev. is a plant species that belongs to the family Loganiaceae. It is a rare species whose distribution is limited to West and Central Africa.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as Jolly's False Strychnos or Euphorbia Poisonwood due to the toxic effects of its bark and roots. In West Africa, it is called "Da Muye Pala" in Hausa and "Sankara Iroko" in Yoruba.
Description
This shrubby tree typically grows to a height of 10-15 metres. Its bark is smooth and gray, and it has a slightly fluted trunk. The leaves are simple, opposite, and broadly elliptical, measuring up to 16 cm long and 8 cm wide. The flowers are small, greenish-white, and occur in axillary cymes. The fruit is a yellow or orange berry, containing one or two seeds.
Uses
The bark and roots of Strychnos pseudo-jollyana A.Chev. contain strychnine and brucine, which are poisonous substances used for making poison arrows and for medicinal purposes in some traditional African medicine. The bark is also used as a purgative to treat constipation. The wood is hard and durable and is used in carpentry, construction, and as fuel.
Light Requirements
Strychnos pseudo-jollyana A.Chev. typically prefers bright, indirect light. Too much direct sunlight can damage the leaves, whereas too little light can hinder growth and cause the plant to become spindly.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Strychnos pseudo-jollyana A.Chev. is between 60°F and 85°F. Temperatures below 50°F or above 90°F can be harmful to the plant and cause stunted growth.
Soil Requirements
Strychnos pseudo-jollyana A.Chev. thrives in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. Soil pH should be between 6.0 and 7.5 for optimal growth. The plant prefers soil that is consistently moist but not waterlogged, and it should be allowed to dry out slightly between waterings.
Cultivation methods
Strychnos pseudo-jollyana A.Chev., also known as the “false jolly’s” titi, is a tropical tree that is native to West Africa. It grows best in warm and humid conditions, so it is ideal for cultivation in regions with subtropical or tropical climates. It thrives in well-drained soil and grows well in partial shade but can also tolerate full sunlight. Its seeds can be planted directly in the ground or in pots and allowed to grow to maturity.
Watering needs
Regular watering is essential for the growth of the Strychnos pseudo-jollyana A.Chev. Adequate moisture must be maintained in the soil, and this can be achieved by watering the plant often but not excessively. Too much water can cause root rot and adversely affect plant growth. The frequency of watering depends on the season and location, but generally, it should be watered at least once a week.
Fertilization
The Strychnos pseudo-jollyana A.Chev. requires proper fertilization to ensure healthy growth. For best results, use a balanced fertilizer with a ratio of 10-10-10 or 20-20-20. Fertilization should be done once every two months during the growing period, which is typically from spring to summer. During the fall and winter months, fertilization should be stopped.
Pruning
Pruning is recommended to promote better growth and maintain the desired shape of the Strychnos pseudo-jollyana A.Chev. It should be done during the dormant season, preferably towards the end of winter or early spring. Only remove dead, damaged, or diseased branches, as well as branches that are overcrowding or crossing over each other. Avoid pruning too much or too frequently as it can stunt growth and destroy the plant's natural shape.
Propagation of Strychnos pseudo-jollyana A.Chev.
Strychnos pseudo-jollyana A.Chev. can be propagated through various methods including:
Seed propagation
Seeds are the most common way to propagate Strychnos pseudo-jollyana A.Chev. This method involves obtaining mature and healthy seeds from the parent plant, drying them in a well-ventilated area, and subsequently planting them in suitable soil. The seeds should be planted at a depth of approximately 1-2 cm below the surface of the soil and should be sufficiently watered.
Cuttings propagation
Strychnos pseudo-jollyana A.Chev. can also be propagated through cuttings. Softwood cuttings should be taken in early summer whereas hardwood cuttings should be taken in the dormant season. Cuttings should be taken from mature, healthy parent plants, and should be approximately 10-15 cm in length. The cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in a suitable rooting medium, in pots or a propagator under mist or plastic cover.
Air layering propagation
Air layering is a productive way to propagate Strychnos pseudo-jollyana A.Chev., where the branch of a mature, healthy parent plant is supported with a stake and in combination with hormone, the stem is girdled and the wound is covered to induce adventitious roots. The branch can then be severed and transplanted after the new roots have developed.
Disease and Pest Management for Strychnos pseudo-jollyana A.Chev.
Strychnos pseudo-jollyana A.Chev. is a tropical plant known for its medicinal properties. However, like all other plants, it is susceptible to a wide range of diseases and pests. Effective disease and pest management is essential to maintain healthy growth and maximum yields. Here are some common diseases and pests that affect S. pseudo-jollyana and ways to manage them.
Common diseases
1. Anthracnose: This fungal disease affects the leaves, stems, and fruits of S. pseudo-jollyana. The affected parts show dark, sunken lesions that may crack and fall off. The fungal spores are spread by wind and rain, and the disease thrives in warm, humid conditions. To manage anthracnose, prune and destroy infected plant parts, avoid overhead watering, and apply fungicides regularly.
2. Powdery mildew: This fungal disease appears as a white, powdery coating on the leaves and stems of S. pseudo-jollyana. It thrives in cool, humid conditions and can be prevented by ensuring good air circulation around the plant. To manage powdery mildew, prune infected plant parts, and apply fungicides regularly.
Common pests
1. Mealybugs: These pests are common in S. pseudo-jollyana, and they suck sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and yellowing leaves. Mealybugs also excrete a sticky substance called honeydew, which attracts ants and promotes the growth of sooty mold. To manage mealybugs, wipe them off with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol, spray insecticidal soap, or introduce natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings.
2. Spider mites: These tiny pests pierce plant cells and suck the sap, causing yellowing and wilting of leaves. They also make the leaves appear dusty due to the presence of webbing. To manage spider mites, increase humidity around the plant, prune and destroy infested plant parts, and introduce predatory mites or ladybugs.
3. Leaf miners: These pests tunnel through the leaves of S. pseudo-jollyana, leaving visible trails as they feed. They cause significant damage to the plant and may lead to stunted growth or deformity. To manage leaf miners, prune and destroy infested plant parts, remove weeds from the area, and apply insecticides or introduce natural predators.
In conclusion, effective disease and pest management is essential to maintain healthy growth and maximum yields in S. pseudo-jollyana. Regular monitoring, timely intervention, and the use of integrated pest management strategies can help prevent and manage diseases and pests effectively.
