Overview
Strychnos niamniamensis (Gilg) Gilg is a plant species that belongs to the family Loganiaceae. It is commonly known as Hombre-muerto, and it is native to tropical regions of Africa, including Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, and Senegal.Description
Strychnos niamniamensis is a small tree or shrub that can grow up to 15 meters in height. The stems are often twisted or gnarled, with a grey or brown bark that peels off in thin, papery sheets. The leaves are oval-shaped, dark green, and glossy, and they grow in alternate pairs on the branches. The plant produces small, yellowish-white flowers that are highly fragrant and attractive to pollinators.Uses
Strychnos niamniamensis has long been used in traditional African medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including malaria, fever, and gastrointestinal disorders. The plant contains several alkaloids, including strychnine and brucine, which have potent effects on the central nervous system. Due to its toxic properties, Strychnos niamniamensis has also been used in some cultures as a poison for hunting and warfare. In addition to its medicinal and cultural uses, Strychnos niamniamensis is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental plant for its attractive foliage and fragrant flowers.Cultivation
Strychnos niamniamensis is a hardy plant that is well-suited to tropical climates. It prefers well-draining soils and regular watering, and it can be propagated from seeds or cuttings. While Strychnos niamniamensis is not commonly cultivated outside of Africa, it has the potential to become an important crop for its medicinal properties. However, due to its toxic alkaloids, caution must be taken when handling and using the plant.Light Requirements
Strychnos niamniamensis or Faham tree prefers to grow in full sun or partial shade. They can grow in the understory of the forested area where they receive partial shade or under bright sunlight. They grow well in an area that receives at least 4-5 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Temperature Requirements
The Faham tree grows well in warm temperatures. The ideal temperature range is between 22 to 28°C (72-82°F). They can tolerate winter temperatures as low as 10°C (50°F) and summer temperatures as high as 38°C (100°F).
Soil Requirements
The Faham tree prefers well-draining soils with a pH range of neutral to slightly acidic. They can grow on a range of soil types such as clay, loamy, or sandy soils as long as they are well-draining. The plant also thrives in soil with high organic matter content. The ideal soil temperature for the Faham tree ranges from 20 to 35°C (68-95°F).
Water Requirements
The Faham tree requires moderate watering, allowing the soil to dry before the next watering. Overwatering may lead to root rot, and underwatering may stunt its growth. During the rainy season, the Faham tree requires less watering, and during the dry season, it requires more.
Cultivation Methods for Strychnos niamniamensis
Strychnos niamniamensis is a tropical evergreen tree that grows well under full sun. It requires well-draining soil and moderate temperatures around 22-30 °C. The tree cannot withstand frosts or strong winds; hence mature trees must be protected from these weather conditions. The young Strychnos niamniamensis trees are best grown in a greenhouse before transplanting them outside when they have reached a height of about 1-2 meters. The trees may take up to 20 years before they bear any fruit.
Watering Needs for Strychnos niamniamensis
Watering of the Strychnos niamniamensis trees should be done regularly during the dry season to maintain consistent soil moisture, but never to the point of waterlogging the soil, which can lead to root rot. Deep watering is essential to ensure proper root growth. The frequency of watering should be reduced in the rainy season to prevent waterlogging.
Fertilization for Strychnos niamniamensis
Strychnos niamniamensis trees require regular fertilization during the growing season to maintain optimal growth and fruit production. A good fertilizer mixture tailored for the species is recommended. Fertilizers should be applied gradually during the growing season, with supplements during the flowering and fruiting stages. Over-fertilizing should be avoided as it may burn the tree or damage the roots.
Pruning Strychnos niamniamensis
Pruning of the Strychnos niamniamensis trees should be done to remove dead or diseased branches or to promote optimal tree growth. Pruning should be carried out during the dormant season in the late winter or early spring. The tree should not be pruned during the growing season since it can cause the tree to lose leaves and reduce fruit production. Avoid severe pruning that may damage the shape of the tree.
Propagation of Strychnos niamniamensis (Gilg) Gilg
Strychnos niamniamensis (Gilg) Gilg, commonly known as the "Monkey orange" or "N'Dribala" is a native African tree that belongs to the family Loganiaceae. It is commonly found in the rainforests of Central and West Africa and is often used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments.
Propagation Methods
Strychnos niamniamensis can be propagated both by seeds and cuttings.
Propagation by Seeds
Seeds from ripe fruits can be collected and sown. The seeds should be soaked in water for 24 hours to soften the hard seed coat, which helps to speed up germination. After soaking, the seeds should be planted in well-drained soil in pots or trays. Cover the seeds lightly with soil and keep them moist. Germination typically occurs within 2-3 weeks.
Propagation by Cuttings
Cuttings from mature trees can be used for propagation. Select a healthy branch and make a clean cut under a node. Remove the leaves from the lower half of the cutting and dip the end in rooting hormone. Then plant the cutting in a pot filled with well-draining soil mix, keep the soil moist and place it in a warm, shaded area. The cutting should develop roots within 4-6 weeks.
In conclusion, Strychnos niamniamensis can be propagated by seeds or cuttings, but whichever method is chosen, it is essential to maintain a warm and moist environment for the plant to thrive.
Disease Management
Strychnos niamniamensis is generally resistant to diseases. However, it can be affected by several diseases such as:
- Anthracnose: This disease is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. It causes sunken spots on the leaves, stems and fruits of the plant. To control anthracnose, affected parts of the plant should be pruned and burned. Application of copper-based fungicides can also help to manage this disease.
- Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is caused by the fungus Cercospora strychni. It causes circular spots on the leaves which eventually turn brown and drop off. To manage leaf spot, affected parts of the plant should be pruned and burned. Application of copper-based fungicides can also help to manage this disease.
- Root Rot: Root rot is caused by the fungus Phytophthora nicotianae. It causes yellowing of leaves and wilting of the plant. To manage root rot, affected plants should be dug up and discarded. Avoid over-irrigation or planting in areas with poor drainage.
Pest Management
Strychnos niamniamensis can be affected by several pests such as:
- Mealybugs: Mealybugs are small insects that feed on the sap of the plant. They cause stunted growth and wilting of leaves. To manage mealybugs, affected parts of the plant should be pruned and burned. Application of insecticidal soap or neem oil can also help to manage this pest.
- Aphids: Aphids are tiny insects that feed on the sap of the plant. They cause distortion of leaves and stunted growth. To manage aphids, affected parts of the plant should be pruned and burned. Application of insecticidal soap or neem oil can also help to manage this pest.
- Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on the underside of the leaves. They cause yellowing and stippling of leaves. To manage spider mites, affected parts of the plant should be pruned and burned. Application of insecticidal soap or neem oil can also help to manage this pest.
It is important to regularly inspect the plant for signs of pests and diseases. Infected parts should be pruned and burned to prevent spread to the entire plant.
