Description of Strychnos likimiensis De Wild.
Strychnos likimiensis De Wild., also known as "Liki's Strychnos," is a flowering plant species that belongs to the Loganiaceae family. It is endemic to the Democratic Republic of Congo where it is commonly found in the savannah regions.
Common Names
The plant is commonly referred to as "Liki's Strychnos" after the person who first discovered it. It is also sometimes called "Congo Poison Rope" due to the toxic alkaloids contained in its bark and roots.
Uses
The bark and roots of S. likimiensis De Wild. contain toxic alkaloids including strychnine and brucine. These chemicals are known to have potent effects on the central nervous system. Despite their toxicity, they have been used in traditional medicine to treat a range of ailments including stomach pains, snake bites, and as a purgative. The plant is also used as a natural insecticide to protect crops from pests.
General Appearance
S. likimiensis De Wild. is a small to medium-sized tree that can grow up to 15 meters tall. Its leaves are simple, alternate, and oblong-shaped, with a size range of 10-20cm in length and 3-7cm in width. The flowers are borne in axillary clusters and are white to yellowish-white in color. The fruit is a globose berry that contains red to black seeds. The bark of the tree is gray to black in color and deeply furrowed with an inner bark that is bright yellow to orange in color.
Typical Growth Conditions of Strychnos likimiensis De Wild.
Strychnos likimiensis De Wild. is a tropical plant found in Africa. It grows to be a small to medium-sized tree that can reach up to 12 meters in height.
Light Requirements
This plant requires full sunlight to grow. It is adapted to the bright light conditions typical of the tropical regions it is native to. When grown in partial shade, it may not develop properly and may not produce as many flowers and fruits as those grown in full sun.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature for the growth of Strychnos likimiensis De Wild. is between 20 and 30 ?. It is a tropical plant, and thus it thrives in warm and humid environments. It cannot tolerate frost and freezing temperatures, which can damage its foliage and stems.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. It grows best in sandy or loamy soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. Strychnos likimiensis De Wild. can tolerate dry and rocky soils, but this will cause stunted growth and reduced fruit production. It is also important to note that the plant cannot tolerate waterlogging and thus cannot be grown in areas with heavy rainfall and poor drainage.
Cultivation Methods for Strychnos likimiensis De Wild.
Strychnos likimiensis De Wild. is best grown in well-draining soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. It thrives in warm temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C, making it suitable for outdoor cultivation in tropical and subtropical regions. When planting, it is advisable to space the seedlings at least 3 meters apart, as the plant can grow up to 12 meters tall.
Watering Needs
As a tropical plant, Strychnos likimiensis De Wild. requires regular watering, especially during the dry season. The soil around the plant should be kept moist but not waterlogged, as this can lead to root rot. To prevent waterlogging, it is advisable to plant the tree on a slightly raised surface or in well-draining soil.
Fertilization
Strychnos likimiensis De Wild. requires regular fertilization to promote healthy growth and increased yield. A combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is recommended. The fertilizers should be applied in the planting holes during planting and subsequently every three months. However, excessive use of nitrogen-rich fertilizers should be avoided as it can lead to weak branches that may not support the weight of the fruit.
Pruning
Pruning of Strychnos likimiensis De Wild. is essential in maintaining its health and increasing fruit production. The plant should be pruned annually to remove dead and diseased branches. Additionally, pruning helps prevent overcrowding of the tree, ensuring adequate sunlight penetration and air circulation. It is also advisable to remove any suckers that sprout around the base of the tree to prevent competition for nutrients.
Propagation of Strychnos likimiensis De Wild.
The Strychnos likimiensis De Wild. plant can be propagated through seeds and cuttings. Let's take a look at both methods:
Seed Propagation
The seeds of Strychnos likimiensis De Wild. can be obtained from ripe fruits. It is essential to ensure that the seeds are fresh and have not been damaged by pests or diseases.
The seeds must be soaked in water overnight to soften the seed coat and stimulate germination. After this, the seeds can be sown in a well-draining potting mix. The potting mix should be kept evenly moist, but not waterlogged, and placed in a warm, bright spot.
The seeds usually germinate within two to three weeks. Once the seedlings have developed a few leaves, they can be transplanted into individual pots or directly into the ground.
Cutting Propagation
Cuttings are a more reliable way to propagate Strychnos likimiensis De Wild. than seeds. The best time to take cuttings is during the growing season, preferably in spring or early summer.
The cutting should be about 10 to 15 cm long and taken from semi-hardwood growth. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone powder to aid root development.
The cutting can be planted in a well-draining potting mix or directly in the ground. The soil should be kept moist, but not waterlogged, and placed in a warm, bright spot. Roots usually develop within four to six weeks.
Propagation of Strychnos likimiensis De Wild. can be a rewarding experience for any plant enthusiast. With the right care and attention, both seed and cutting propagation methods can be successful.
Disease and Pest Management for Strychnos likimiensis De Wild.
Strychnos likimiensis De Wild. is a plant that is native to central Africa. The plant is relatively hardy and can grow in a variety of conditions, but it can still be susceptible to diseases and pests. In this section, we will discuss some of the most common diseases and pests that can affect this plant, as well as ways to manage them.
Diseases
Strychnos likimiensis De Wild. can be vulnerable to a number of diseases, including leaf spot, powdery mildew, and root rot. Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes circular spots on the leaves, while powdery mildew is a fungal disease that causes a white powdery coating on the leaves. Root rot, which is caused by overwatering, causes the roots to rot and can ultimately kill the plant.
To manage these diseases, it is important to keep the plant healthy and avoid overwatering. Good air circulation around the plant can also help prevent diseases such as powdery mildew. If you notice signs of disease, remove affected leaves or stems immediately, and dispose of them to prevent the disease from spreading. Fungicides can also be used as a last resort, but it is important to choose a product that is safe for the plant.
Pests
Strychnos likimiensis De Wild. can also be affected by a variety of pests, including aphids, spider mites, and scales. Aphids are small insects that feed on sap and excrete a sticky substance known as honeydew, which can attract other pests. Spider mites are tiny insects that are difficult to see, but they can cause the leaves to become discolored and dry. Scales are small, hard insects that attach to the leaves and stems, and can cause yellowing and wilting.
To manage these pests, it is important to keep the plant healthy and free from dust and debris, which can attract pests. Natural predators, such as ladybugs and lacewings, can also help control pests. A strong stream of water can be used to dislodge pests such as aphids and spider mites, and insecticidal soap or neem oil can be used for heavier infestations.
By following these disease and pest management techniques, you can help keep your Strychnos likimiensis De Wild. plant healthy and flourishing.
