Overview
Strychnos leiosepala Gilg & Busse, also known as the “Giant Thome” plant, is a tree species found in parts of Africa. It belongs to the Strychnos genus, which is known for containing several medicinal plants.Appearance
The Strychnos leiosepala is a large tree that can grow up to 30 meters in height. It has a dense and spreading crown, with branches that grow out at almost right angles to the trunk. The leaves are thick, glossy, and a deep green in color. The tree's bark is gray-brown, and it has a rough texture that becomes flaky with age.Origin
Strychnos leiosepala is native to Central and East Africa, including countries like Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda. It can be found in forests and woodlands, usually at elevations of 900 - 2,500 meters above sea level.Common Names
Apart from “Giant Thome”, Strychnos leiosepala has various other common names, including “Mbugu” in Swahili and “Kosan” in Ethiopia.Uses
Strychnos leiosepala has a range of uses and is an essential plant in African traditional medicine. It is believed to have properties that are useful in treating various conditions such as malaria, stomach ulcers, rheumatism, and lumbago. The plant is known to have high concentrations of alkaloids, including strychnine, which have been used as aphrodisiacs, stimulants, and poisons in some instances. The bitter roots and bark of the Strychnos leiosepala plant are often used in herbal medicine preparations. The tree’s wood is used in construction and for making beehives. In conclusion, Strychnos leiosepala is an important tree species in Central and East Africa. Its diverse uses, including medicinal and construction purposes, have allowed it to play a critical role in the lives of many communities.Light Requirements
Strychnos leiosepala Gilg & Busse is a plant that prefers bright and indirect sunlight. It requires at least four hours of sunlight every day. Although it can tolerate some shade, it grows best in a well-lit area, especially during the growing season. This plant may suffer from leaf scorching if exposed to direct sunlight for extended periods.
Temperature Requirements
Strychnos leiosepala Gilg & Busse thrives in warm temperatures and humid conditions. It requires a minimum temperature of 15°C (59°F) to survive, with an ideal range between 20-25°C (68-77°F). This plant may suffer from frost damage if exposed to temperatures below 10°C (50°F) or sudden drops in temperature. Strychnos leiosepala Gilg & Busse should be kept away from cold drafts and air-conditioning vents.
Soil Requirements
Strychnos leiosepala Gilg & Busse requires well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It grows best in loamy soil with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. Soil that is too alkaline or acidic may affect the plant's growth and nutrient uptake. This plant prefers slightly moist soil, but it doesn't tolerate standing water around the roots. Adding some sand or perlite to the soil can improve drainage and prevent root rot.
Cultivation
For successful cultivation of Strychnos leiosepala Gilg & Busse, it is important to choose a suitable location. The plant prefers an area that receives partial to full sunlight with well-drained soil. The species can be grown from seed, and it is best to plant them during the rainy season. The seeds should be sown in a nursery and then transplanted once they have developed a few leaves or grown to around 10 inches high.
Watering Needs
Strychnos leiosepala Gilg & Busse requires moderate to regular watering when establishing, although overwatering can cause root damage. Once the plant has established, it can withstand periods of drought and only needs occasional watering to survive. It is best to water in the mornings or evenings to avoid drying out the soil quickly and causing stress to the plant.
Fertilization
When feeding Strychnos leiosepala Gilg & Busse, it is important to use a balanced fertilizer that is low in nitrogen. Fertilizer should be applied during the growing period, and it is best to use a slow-release fertilizer to avoid the buildup of salts in the soil, which can harm the plant. Composting also offers a good source of nutrients to feed the plant.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for this species, although it can be done to shape the plant and remove dead or damaged branches. Pruning should be carried out during the dormant period when the plant is not actively growing to avoid causing stress to the plant. Removing the weak branches can help to stimulate new growth, leading to healthy and vibrant plants.
Propagation of Strychnos leiosepala Gilg & Busse
Strychnos leiosepala Gilg & Busse, commonly known as the African monkey orange, is a tree species native to eastern and southern Africa. The tree produces a fruit that is edible to humans and wildlife. If you're interested in propagating this plant, here are some methods to consider:
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagating Strychnos leiosepala is through seeds. The seeds are extracted from the fruit and planted in well-draining soil. The seeds should be sown in spring or early summer and kept warm and moist. Germination usually takes place within four to six weeks, and the seedlings can be transplanted into pots or directly into the ground once they are large enough to handle.
Cutting Propagation
Propagation of Strychnos leiosepala can also be done through cuttings. Take cuttings in late spring or early summer from the current season's growth, making sure that each cutting has at least one node. Remove the leaves from the lower half of the cutting and dip it in rooting hormone to encourage root growth. Plant the cutting in a well-draining soil mix and water it lightly. Keep the cutting in a warm, humid environment until it develops roots, and then transplant it to a larger container or directly into the ground.
Layering Propagation
Another propagation method for Strychnos leiosepala is layering. Layering involves bending a branch down to the ground, wounding the stem, and covering the wound with soil. In time, roots will grow from the wounded area, and a new plant will develop. Once the plant is established, it can be separated from the parent plant and transplanted into its own container or into the ground.
Regardless of the propagation method used, Strychnos leiosepala prefers a well-draining soil that is kept moist but not waterlogged. The plant should be exposed to full sun and protected from frost.
Disease Management
Strychnos leiosepala Gilg & Busse is susceptible to various diseases. Below are some common diseases that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Anthracnose
Anthracnose appears as brown spots on leaves, stem, and fruits. To manage the disease:
- Prune infected plant parts and dispose of them properly
- Use fungicides to control its spread
- Keep the garden clean and free from weeds
Leaf Spot
Leaf Spot is caused by a fungus that appears as small, dark spots on leaves, followed by yellowing and falling. To manage the disease:
- Prune the infected part and remove fallen leaves
- Irrigate at the base of the plant
- Use copper fungicides to control the spread
Pest Management
Several pests can cause damage to Strychnos leiosepala Gilg & Busse, including:
Thrips
Thrips damage the plant by sucking plant juices, affecting growth and causing deformation to flowers, fruits, and leaves. To manage:
- Apply insecticidal soaps or neem oil
- Introduce natural predators like ladybugs or lacewings
Mites
Mites feed on the plant's sap and cause stunted growth. To manage:
- Keep the leaves clean and dust-free
- Apply insecticidal soaps or neem oil
- Apply acaricides (mite-control pesticides)
Aphids
Aphids suck plant fluids and cause damage to the leaves. To manage:
- Spray the plant with water to remove them
- Apply insecticidal soap or neem oil
- Introduce natural predators like ladybugs or parasitic wasps.
