Overview of Strychnos distichophylla Gilg
Strychnos distichophylla Gilg is a plant belonging to Strychnos genus and is mainly found in eastern and southern Africa. Also known as the "Monkey Orange" or "Green Monkey Orange", it is a deciduous tree that can grow up to 10 meters high.
Appearance of Strychnos distichophylla Gilg
Strychnos distichophylla Gilg has a grey, smooth bark that a younger tree gradually develops a mosaic pattern. The leaves are elliptical and usually appear in pairs pointing in opposite directions, hence its species name distichophylla. Its flowers are small, greenish-yellow, and usually appear in groups of three to five flowers.
Uses of Strychnos distichophylla Gilg
The plant is widely used by traditional communities for various purposes. Its fruit, which is orange-red when ripe and the size of a small apple, is edible and rich in vitamin C. The fruit pulp is also used to make juice and a traditional beer. Additionally, the bark, leaves and roots have been traditionally used for various medicinal purposes such as the treatment of stomachache, fever, dysentery, and as a snakebite antidote.
Strychnos distichophylla Gilg has also been found to contain alkaloids such as strychnine and brucine, which have been known to have medicinal properties. Strychnine is used as a central nervous system stimulant, while brucine is used as a cardiac agent and anesthetic. However, these compounds must be handled carefully as they have a low therapeutic range and can lead to poisonous effects if not administered correctly.
Finally, Strychnos distichophylla Gilg is also widely used for ornamental purposes due to its beautiful green foliage and attractive fruit. It is a great addition to any garden, park, or landscape design.
Light Requirements
Strychnos distichophylla Gilg requires full sun exposure for optimal growth. It is adapted to thrive in bright, indirect sunlight and warm temperatures. Therefore, it is ideal to plant it in an open field or in an area where it can receive full or partial exposure to sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
The plant Strychnos distichophylla Gilg is native to tropical regions and requires warm temperatures to grow. It requires an average temperature range of 23°C to 28°C (73°F to 82°F). The plant cannot tolerate frost or below freezing temperatures. It is important to maintain a consistent temperature range for optimal plant growth and development.
Soil Requirements
The plant Strychnos distichophylla Gilg grows well in various soil types but prefers soil that is well-draining and fertile. The plant requires soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. It is important to ensure that the soil is loose and well-aerated to support proper root growth and development. Additionally, adding organic matter such as compost or manure to the soil can enrich the soil nutrient content and support better plant growth.
Cultivation Methods
Strychnos distichophylla Gilg, commonly known as the Climbing Monkey, is a tropical plant that requires a warm and humid climate for optimal growth. It is tolerant of direct sunlight, moderate shade, and can be grown in well-drained soils. The plant grows up to 30 feet long and can climb on nearby trees or grow on trellises. Planting the Climbing Monkey is relatively easy as it can be done by layering or stem cuttings. However, it is advisable to grow the plant from seeds as the survival rate is higher.
Watering Needs
Strychnos distichophylla Gilg is a relatively drought-tolerant plant. However, it thrives well when regularly watered, especially during the dry season. It is recommended to water the plant deeply once or twice a week, depending on the level of rainfall in your area. Overwatering the plant can cause root rot and lead to the death of the plant.
Fertilization
The Climbing Monkey is a heavy feeder and requires regular fertilization to sustain growth and yield fruits. Fertilization should be done every three months using a well-balanced fertilizer that contains macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Additionally, supplementing the soil with organic matter such as compost and manure can increase soil fertility and provide micronutrients essential for the plant's health.
Pruning
Pruning is a crucial aspect of Strychnos distichophylla Gilg cultivation that helps to maintain plant health, increase yield and enhance the plant's aesthetic value. Pruning should be done annually, mainly during the dormant season, to remove diseased, damaged, or dead branches. Additionally, pruning can help shape the plant and maintain its desirable height. When pruning, ensure to use clean and sharp tools to prevent the spread of diseases, and cuts should be made at the base of the stem or lateral branches.
Propagation of Strychnos distichophylla Gilg
Strychnos distichophylla Gilg can be propagated through various methods:
Seed Propagation
The easiest and most commonly used method of propagation for Strychnos distichophylla Gilg is through seeds. Seeds can be collected from ripe fruits and sown into well-drained soil. The seeds need to be soaked in water for few hours before planting. The soil should be kept moist, but not waterlogged until the seeds germinate. Germination can take anywhere from 2-6 weeks. Once they have sprouted, they can be transplanted into larger pots or directly into the ground.
Cuttings Propagation
Strychnos distichophylla Gilg can also be propagated through stem cuttings. The best time to take cuttings is during the growing season, and it is important to choose healthy stems 10-15cm long. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone before planting in a well-drained soil medium. Keep the soil moist and the cutting in high humidity, either by covering it with a plastic bag or placing it in a greenhouse. Roots should start to form within 4-6 weeks, and the plant can be transplanted once it has a healthy root system.
Grafting and Budding Propagation
Grafting and budding are more advanced forms of propagation that require specific skills and techniques. It involves joining tissues of two different plants together to create a single plant. Grafting or budding of Strychnos distichophylla Gilg can be done once the plant is mature enough to produce viable scions and rootstocks. This method is particularly useful when trying to propagate a specific variety with desired characteristics.
Overall, Strychnos distichophylla Gilg can be propagated through various methods, giving gardeners and growers options that suit their preferences.
Disease and Pest Management for Strychnos distichophylla Gilg
Strychnos distichophylla Gilg is a medicinal plant that is highly valued for its pharmacological properties. To ensure optimal growth and yield, it is essential to pay attention to disease and pest management. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect S. distichophylla and ways to manage them:
Diseases
1. Leaf Spot: This disease is caused by fungal pathogens that attack the leaves, causing the development of small and dark spots around the leaves. To manage this disease, it is essential to prune affected leaves and remove them from the growing environment immediately. Also, you can use a fungicide to control the spread of the disease.
2. Root Rots: This disease is caused by a group of fungal pathogens that attack the roots of the plant, causing them to rot and leading to stunted growth, wilting, and yellowing of leaves. To prevent root rot, it is crucial to ensure that the soil is well-draining, and you can use fungicidal sprays to control the disease.
Pests
1. Mealybugs: These are common pests that attack the leaves and stems, causing wilting and yellowing of the leaves. To control an infestation of mealybugs, you can use natural predators, such as ladybugs, or apply insecticidal soaps to the plant.
2. Scale Insects: Scale insects can be a problem for S. distichophylla, causing stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. One way to manage these pests is to regularly check the plant for scale and prune affected areas. You can also apply insecticidal soaps to help control the infestation.
Overall, proper hygiene, good soil drainage, and the use of natural or chemical pest control mechanisms are essential to ensure optimal growth and yield of S. distichophylla plants.
