Origin and common names
Strychnos chromatoxylon Leeuwenb., also known as a Maqokolo tree, is native to the dry deciduous woodlands of Southern Africa, particularly in Zimbabwe, Botswana, and South Africa. The plant's common names include "Monkey Orange," "Orange-leaved Strychnos," and "Green Monkey Poison."
General appearance
The Maqokolo tree typically grows up to 20 meters tall and has a trunk diameter of about 45 cm. The tree bark is grey, rough, and deeply fissured with brown patches. The plant also produces small, fragrant, cream-colored flowers that are followed by a fruit that resembles a large, round, green-orange-colored fruit about the size of a grapefruit. The fruit's hard shell encases a pulp containing numerous seeds.
Uses
The Maqokolo tree has multiple uses, both medicinal and non-medicinal. The seeds inside the plant's fruit contain a toxic alkaloid called strychnine, which is commonly used as a pesticide. The plant's bark and roots can be used as a traditional medicine for various ailments like malaria, diarrhea, and venereal diseases. The fruit pulp is also used to treat coughs, cold, and throat problems. In non-medicinal uses, the tree's durable and hard timber is used to make furniture and other household items.
In summary, the Strychnos chromatoxylon Leeuwenb., or Maqokolo tree, is a native plant to Southern Africa, known for its toxic seeds and bark that are used in traditional medicine. The plant's fruit pulp is used to treat coughs, cold, and throat problems, and it also produces hard timber that is ideal for making furniture.Light Conditions
Strychnos chromatoxylon Leeuwenb. thrives best in partial shade. The plant needs sufficient light to grow but cannot tolerate direct exposure to sunlight. Therefore, planting the species in areas with filtered or dappled light is crucial.
Temperature Requirements
Strychnos chromatoxylon Leeuwenb. grows best in warm temperatures, which enhances its growth rate. The ideal temperature range for growth is between 20 to 30°C. However, it can tolerate occasional hot spells and cold snaps. The plant does not thrive well in areas with constant frost.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-draining soil, rich in organic matter. Moreover, it cannot tolerate soggy soils and poorly-drained areas. So, a well-drained soil that is not waterlogged is essential for the optimal growth of Strychnos chromatoxylon Leeuwenb. Furthermore, the pH range for the soil should be between 5.0 to 7.5.
Cultivation of Strychnos Chromatoxylon Leeuwenb.
Strychnos Chromatoxylon Leeuwenb., also known as the Chinese wood dangshan, is a deciduous tree species native to China, Japan, and Korea. The plant prefers a warm, damp climate and well-draining soils, and temperatures below -20°C are not recommended. When growing the plant, it's advisable to start with seeds or cuttings collected from mature trees.
Watering Needs
Strychnos Chromatoxylon Leeuwenb. requires adequate watering during the active growth period, which is from spring to early autumn. It's essential to keep the soil consistently moist, but not waterlogged, especially in the first few years. During winter, when the plant is dormant, watering can be reduced to prevent root rot. Watering should be done early in the day to ensure the foliage and fruits have enough time to dry before nightfall.
Fertilization
Proper fertilization is critical to the growth and development of Strychnos Chromatoxylon Leeuwenb. From the second year of planting, the plant requires regular applications of nitrogen-rich fertilizer during the growing season. A balanced fertilizer with equal portions of N-P-K can be applied every three months, beginning in early spring. Organic fertilizers, such as compost and manure, can also be used to boost the soil's fertility.
Pruning
Pruning is essential for Strychnos Chromatoxylon Leeuwenb. to maintain its shape and health. The best time to prune the plant is during the dormant season, which is usually in late winter or early spring. Pruning should be done to remove any dead, diseased, or damaged branches, and to thin crowded growth. It's also advisable to prune the plant to a single main stem and remove any competing leaders. Pruning should be done before new growth appears in spring.
Propagation Methods of Strychnos Chromatoxylon Leeuwenb.
Strychnos chromatoxylon Leeuwenb., commonly known as “Thorn tree,” is a slow-growing evergreen tree that is native to Africa. The plant is propagated by seeds, cuttings, and air layering.
Propagation by Seeds
Seed propagation is the most common method used for Strychnos chromatoxylon. The seeds should be collected from the mature fruits and should be sown immediately. The seeds should be soaked in water for 24 hours before planting. The soil should be well-drained and rich in organic matter. The seeds should be sown at a depth of 2-3 inches and should be kept moist. Germination usually takes 2-3 months.
Propagation by Cuttings
Cuttings can be taken from hardwood or semi-hardwood stems and should be 6-8 inches in length. The cuttings should be treated with a rooting hormone and planted in well-drained soil that is kept moist. The cuttings should be placed in a shaded area and watered regularly. Rooting usually takes 2-3 months.
Propagation by Air Layering
Air layering is a propagation method that involves making a cut in the stem of the plant and wrapping it with moist sphagnum moss and plastic wrap to encourage rooting. Once roots have formed, the stem can be cut and planted in soil. This method is preferred for plants that are difficult to root from cuttings or for plants that have desirable characteristics that the grower wants to preserve.
In conclusion, Strychnos chromatoxylon can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, and air layering. Each of these methods has its pros and cons, and growers can choose the most suitable propagation method based on their needs and resources.
Disease Management
Strychnos chromatoxylon Leeuwenb. is susceptible to a few diseases, including leaf spot and root rot. Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes spots on the leaves, leading to yellowing and eventual defoliation. Root rot is also a fungal disease that attacks the plant's roots, leading to wilting, yellowing, and eventual death of the plant.
To manage leaf spot, it is important to remove and destroy infected plant parts. Additionally, avoid overhead watering and maintain good air circulation around the plant to prevent the disease from spreading. Fungicides may also be used to control severe infections.
To manage root rot, it is important to ensure that the plant is not overwatered and that the soil is well-draining. Infected plants should be removed and destroyed, and the soil should be treated with a fungicide before replanting.
Pest Management
While Strychnos chromatoxylon Leeuwenb. is not highly susceptible to pest infestations, there are a few pests that may attack the plant, including mealybugs and spider mites.
Mealybugs are small, white, cottony insects that suck sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and yellowing leaves. To manage mealybugs, a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol can be used to remove the insects from the plant. In severe cases, insecticidal soaps may be necessary.
Spider mites are tiny, spider-like pests that feed on the plant's sap, causing yellowing and curling of leaves. To manage spider mites, regular spraying of the plant with water can help control their population. Additionally, predatory mites can be introduced to the plant to help control the infestation.
Regular monitoring of the plant for pests and prompt action when pests are detected is key to preventing severe infestations and damage to the plant.
