Overview
Strychnos brachyura Gilg is a plant species belonging to the family Loganiaceae. It is commonly known as the "Mascarene orange" or "bois chandel" and can be found in Madagascar, Reunion, and Mauritius. The plant is a small to medium-sized tree that can grow up to 15 meters tall and is widely used for its medicinal properties.
Appearance
The Strychnos brachyura Gilg has a smooth bark that is gray to brown in color. The leaves are dark green and glossy. They are also elliptic to ovate shaped and grow up to 20cm long and 10cm wide. The flowers are small and white with a diameter of 1cm. The fruit is a woody capsule that is 2.5cm in diameter and contains numerous seeds.
Uses
The Strychnos brachyura Gilg has many medicinal properties and has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. The bark, leaves, and roots of the plant contain alkaloids that have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-microbial properties. It has also been used as a remedy for conditions such as fever, malaria, and gastrointestinal disorders. The fruit of the plant is also edible but is used very rarely.
In Mauritius, the wood of the plant is used to make charcoal. The plant is also used for landscaping purposes due to its attractive appearance and ability to grow in various soil types and temperatures.
However, it is important to note that the plant contains strychnine, a highly toxic compound that can cause convulsions, respiratory failure, and death. Therefore, it should only be used under the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider.
Growth Conditions for Strychnos brachyura Gilg
Strychnos brachyura Gilg is a plant native to Africa, belonging to the Strychnos genus. It is commonly known as the "mouse button" or "worm button" due to the shape of its small, reddish-brown fruits. This plant grows under specific conditions that must be taken into account to ensure optimal growth.
Light Requirements
Strychnos brachyura Gilg prefers to grow in full sun to partial shade. This plant does not thrive in complete shade, as it needs light to photosynthesize and produce energy. Too much direct sunlight, on the other hand, might cause the leaves to wilt or burn. Therefore, it is recommended to find a spot with partial sun exposure, especially during the hottest hours of the day.
Temperature Requirements
Strychnos brachyura Gilg grows best in warm and humid environments. It can withstand temperatures as low as 20°C (68°F) and as high as 35°C (95°F). However, it grows optimally in temperatures ranging from 25°C to 30°C (77°F to 86°F). Frost and cold temperatures, in general, are not suitable for this plant, as they can damage or kill it.
Soil Requirements
The soil for Strychnos brachyura Gilg should be well-drained and loamy. It needs to hold enough moisture to prevent the plant from drying out but also allow excess water to drain properly. A pH of 6.0 to 7.5 would be ideal for optimal growth. The addition of organic matter such as compost or manure can improve the soil structure, fertility, and moisture retention.
Overall, understanding the growth requirements of Strychnos brachyura Gilg is crucial to ensure its success in cultivation. Providing adequate light, temperature, and soil conditions will promote healthy growth and ensure optimal yields.
Cultivation of Strychnos brachyura Gilg
Strychnos brachyura Gilg requires a well-draining soil mixture consisting of 50% loam, 20% sand, and 30% organic matter. This plant also requires high levels of humidity and indirect sunlight. Ideal temperatures range from 20-30°C. The seeds of this plant are sown in a depth of 1-2 cm and covered with a thin layer of fine soil.
Watering Needs
The plant requires consistent soil moisture. Avoid waterlogged soil, as it can cause root rot. Water the plant frequently during the growing season, and monitor the moisture level of the soil daily. During the dormancy period, reduce watering to prevent overwatering of the plant and maintain soil moisture.
Fertilization
Strychnos brachyura Gilg should be regularly fertilized with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season to promote healthy growth and establish a strong root system. Slow-release fertilizer applied according to the manufacturer's instructions works well.
Pruning
Pruning is not essential for Strychnos brachyura Gilg, but it is helpful for shaping the plant. Prune any dead, damaged, or diseased branches. Prune out any excessive branches to promote good air circulation and light penetration. Trim the plant in moderation to maintain an excellent shape.
Propagation methods for Strychnos brachyura Gilg
Strychnos brachyura Gilg is commonly known as the potato tree because of its tuberous roots that resemble potatoes. This plant is native to Sub-Saharan Africa, where it is often used for medicinal purposes. Propagation of this plant can be done by several methods, including:
Seed propagation
Propagation by seed is the most common method used for Strychnos brachyura Gilg. The seeds are collected from mature fruits and sown in well-draining soil. The seeds should be sown at a depth of about 2 cm in the soil.
It is important to note that the viability of the seeds decreases rapidly after harvesting. Therefore, it is recommended to plant the seeds as soon as possible after harvesting.
Cuttings
Cuttings of Strychnos brachyura Gilg can also be used for propagation. Cuttings should be taken from new shoots that have not yet started to harden. These cuttings should be about 15 cm long and should be taken from the plant during the growing season.
Once taken, the cuttings should be treated with rooting hormone and then planted in a mixture of sand and peat moss. The cuttings should be kept in a warm and humid environment to encourage rooting.
Tuber division
The tuberous roots of Strychnos brachyura Gilg can be divided to create new plants. This is usually done when the plant is being repotted or during the dormant season.
The tubers should be carefully separated and each piece should have at least one bud. The separated tubers can then be planted in a well-draining soil mixture.
Propagation of Strychnos brachyura Gilg can be done by seeds, cuttings and tuber division. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of method will depend on the situation and the availability of resources.
Disease and Pest Management for Strychnos Brachyura Gilg
Strychnos brachyura Gilg, commonly known as the Natal orange, is a small tree or shrub that is native to southern Africa. Although it is generally disease resistant and pest tolerant, there are some diseases and pests that may affect the plant.
Common Diseases
Strychnos brachyura may be susceptible to certain fungal diseases such as anthracnose and powdery mildew. Anthracnose is a disease that causes dark, wet lesions on leaves and stems, while powdery mildew causes a white, powdery growth on the leaves. Both of these diseases can affect the plant's growth and productivity.
To manage these diseases, it is recommended to practice good sanitation and to remove any infected plant material. Fungicides may also be used, but it is important to choose a product that is specifically labeled for the disease you are trying to manage.
Common Pests
Strychnos brachyura may be susceptible to pests such as aphids, mealybugs, and spider mites. Aphids and mealybugs are small sap-sucking insects that can cause stunted growth and yellowing of the leaves. Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on the leaves, causing a mottled appearance.
To manage these pests, it is recommended to regularly inspect the plant and remove any infested material. Insecticidal soap or horticultural oil may also be used to control these pests.
Biocontrol
Biocontrol such as parasitoids and predators can be used to control pests on Strychnos brachyura. The green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea, is a predator that feeds on aphids, mealybugs, spider mites, and other pests. The parasitoid wasp, Encarsia formosa, is a natural enemy of whiteflies. These biocontrol agents can be purchased from garden centers and used to control pests on the plant.
In conclusion, Strychnos brachyura Gilg is a relatively disease-resistant and pest-tolerant plant, but it may still be susceptible to certain diseases and pests. Practicing good sanitation, using fungicides and insecticides when necessary, and utilizing biocontrol agents can all help manage these issues and keep the plant healthy.
