Overview: Streptanthus fenestratus
Streptanthus fenestratus, commonly known as the window rocklace, is a flowering perennial plant species belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It is native to the western region of North America and mostly found in the inland mountains.
Appearance
The plant grows up to 50cm in height and has a single stem that is glabrous. These plants have basal leaves that are long and slender, while the stem leaves narrow and gradually become smaller as they ascend the stem. The flowers of the plant are tubular, with a pale green to yellow color and strewn along the stem. The plant propagates mostly through self-pollination.
Uses
Streptanthus fenestratus, is not known for culinary use. However, it has unique medicinal properties that have been used in traditional medicine. The extract from the plant is popularly used to relieve joint pains, rheumatism, and colds, while the fresh plant has been used as an infusion to help with coughs, stomach and lung problems.
Further, it is also an essential plant in ecological restoration projects. The plant significantly improves the soil health in degraded and nutrient-poor landscapes.
Conclusion
Streptanthus fenestratus is an essential wildflower, with unique flowers and medicinal properties. Although not widely cultivated, it is an essential plant in ecological restoration and serves as an indicator of ancient habitats.
Light Requirements
Streptanthus fenestratus is known to thrive in full sun to partial shade. In its natural habitat, it is usually found growing in the full sun where it may receive up to 12 hours of direct sunlight daily. However, the plant is also known to tolerate partial shade, especially in hot and arid regions.
Temperature Requirements
Streptanthus fenestratus grows well in areas with a Mediterranean climate, characterized by mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. The optimal temperature range for the plant's growth and development is between 60-85°F (15-29°C). The plant is known to be tolerant of occasional frost, but prolonged exposure to cold may lead to stunted growth or damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
Streptanthus fenestratus prefers well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. It typically grows in sandy or rocky soils with a pH range of 5-7. The plant is known to be tolerant of a wide range of soil types, including clay and loamy soils, as long as they are well-draining. It is also important to ensure that the soil is not waterlogged, as this can lead to root rot and the eventual death of the plant.
Cultivation Methods:
Streptanthus fenestratus is a biennial plant that thrives in areas with full sun or partial shade. The plant grows well in well-draining soil with a pH of 5.5 to 6.5, rich in organic matter. The seeds of Streptanthus fenestratus can be sown directly in the garden bed or started indoors two to three months before the last frost. The plants should be spaced about 12-18 inches apart and should be given enough space to develop a deep root system.
Watering Needs:
Streptanthus fenestratus requires moderate watering. The soil should be kept evenly moist, but not waterlogged. Otherwise, the plant may suffer from root rot. Watering should be done at the base of the plant, and it is essential to avoid watering the foliage. During dry spells, increase the frequency of watering.
Fertilization:
Streptanthus fenestratus prefers a balanced fertilizer mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Fertilize the plant once a month from spring to summer. Overfertilization should be avoided, as it may cause excessive growth, encouraging weak stems, and potentially attracting pests and diseases.
Pruning:
Streptanthus fenestratus does not require much pruning. However, removing spent flowers can promote the growth of new blooms. Deadheading the plant can help to direct its energy towards foliage and root development. In the fall, prune the plant down to the ground to prepare it for winter.
Propagation Methods for Streptanthus fenestratus (Greene) J.T. Howell
Propagation of Streptanthus fenestratus (Greene) J.T. Howell can be done through two methods: by seeds or by cutting.
Propagation by Seeds
The propagation of Streptanthus fenestratus (Greene) J.T. Howell by seeds is an easy and effective method. The seeds of the plant are small and can be collected from mature plants. The seeds need to be sown in the soil during the autumn season, after the first rains. The seeds require a good amount of moisture to germinate, and they will sprout in two to three weeks after sowing. Once the seedlings have grown into a sufficient size, they can be transplanted to their permanent location.
Propagation by Cutting
Propagation by cutting involves taking a part of the stem from the parent plant, and then rooting it in the soil. Cuttings should be taken from the parent plant during the summer season, and they should be around 4 to 6 inches long. Remove the leaves of the cutting and dip the bottom end in a rooting hormone. Place the cutting in a moist potting mix, and cover it with a plastic bag. Keep the cutting in a warm and brightly lit area. Within a few weeks, new growth will appear, indicating that the roots have formed. Once the roots have developed, the cutting can be transplanted to its permanent location.
Disease Management
Streptanthus fenestratus (Greene) J.T. Howell, commonly known as window rock jewelflower, can be susceptible to fungal and bacterial diseases. Providing a well-drained planting site and good air circulation can help prevent moisture-related diseases such as root rot and stem canker. However, if plants do become infected, application of fungicides such as copper-based products or a systemic fungicide like thiophanate-methyl can be effective in managing these diseases.
Another disease that can affect Streptanthus fenestratus is blackleg, caused by the bacteria Phoma lingam. This disease can cause severe stunting, yellowing, and wilting of infected plants. Managing blackleg involves keeping the soil and plant debris clean and free of the pathogen as much as possible. Additionally, planting certified disease-free seed is recommended to prevent the spread of blackleg.
Pest Management
Streptanthus fenestratus is relatively pest-free; however, the caterpillars of the Checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas anicia) feed on the leaves of this plant. In small numbers, the caterpillars can be tolerated, but if the infestation becomes severe, it may be necessary to handpick or treat the plants with an insecticide containing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).
An infestation of aphids can also occur, which can cause stunted growth and distorted flowers. To manage aphids, spraying the plants with insecticidal soap or neem oil can be effective. Ladybird beetles, lacewings, and parasitic wasps are natural predators of aphids and can also be used to manage their populations.
