Overview of Sticta (Schreber) Ach.
Sticta is a genus of lichenized fungi. It is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria and fungus living together in a symbiotic relationship. The genus Sticta belongs to the family Lobariaceae, which is widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions worldwide. The species within the genus are commonly referred to as "eyelash lichens" because of their delicate, hair-like appearance.
Origin of Sticta
The genus Sticta has a cosmopolitan distribution. Species within this genus can be found in various parts of the world, including Europe, South America, Africa, Asia, and North America. In North America, Sticta species are most commonly found in the Pacific Northwest, particularly in old-growth forests, where they grow on tree trunks, branches, and rocks.
Common names of Sticta
Sticta has several common names, including eyelash lichen, black-eyed Susan lichen, and tree lungwort. These common names refer to the appearance and habitat of the species within the genus.
Uses of Sticta
Sticta has many medicinal uses. It has been used in traditional medicine by indigenous people to treat various ailments such as coughs, respiratory infections, and wounds. It is also used to make natural dyes, perfumes, and cosmetics. In addition, Sticta is a bioindicator of air pollution. It is sensitive to changes in the surrounding environment and is used as an indicator of air pollution levels in urban areas.
General appearance of Sticta
Sticta has a delicate and hair-like appearance, which gives it its common name "eyelash lichen." The branches are flattened and dichotomously divided, with the tips curled backward. The lobes are typically blackish-green to olive-green, although they can be brown, gray, or whitish. The thallus surface is smooth and slightly shiny, with a slightly wrinkled appearance. The underside of the thallus has small, raised dots called isidia, which aid in asexual reproduction.
Growth conditions for Sticta (Schreber) Ach.
Sticta (Schreber) Ach. is a lichen species that grows in a variety of environments. Typically found in shaded areas such as forests, the growth conditions for Sticta involve several factors including light, temperature, and soil requirements.
Light requirements
Sticta requires moderate to low levels of light. It is often found growing on the bark of trees, which provides some shade and protection from direct sunlight. Direct sunlight can cause damage to the thalli or make them vulnerable to desiccation. Therefore, a shaded or partially shaded area is ideal for the growth of Sticta.
Temperature requirements
The ideal temperature for the growth of Sticta is between 10°C to 30°C. However, it can grow in temperatures ranging between -20°C to 40°C. Sticta can tolerate a range of temperatures and can continue to grow during the colder winter months as long as it is not exposed to freezing temperatures.
Soil requirements
Sticta can grow on a variety of substrates such as soil, rocks, and trees. It prefers slightly acidic soil with a pH range of 4 to 6. Soil conditions that are too alkaline or too acidic can hinder the growth of Sticta. A well-draining soil with a good water-holding capacity is also necessary for the growth of Sticta.
In conclusion, the growth of Sticta requires shade, moderate temperatures, and slightly acidic and well-draining soil. By providing the ideal conditions for the growth of Sticta, it will thrive under these conditions and contribute to the natural environment.
Cultivation methods for Sticta (Schreber) Ach.
Sticta (Schreber) Ach. Is an air plant that grows without soil, so it does not require specific soil type or quality. Therefore, suitable cultivation methods should include hanging the plant on a support board, wedging it in a crevice or gluing it onto a surface.
Watering needs for Sticta (Schreber) Ach.
Sticta requires frequent misting to maintain adequate hydration. You can fill a spray bottle with distilled or rainwater and mist the plant two to three times a week or when its leaves appear dry. Avoid using tap water on soundth equipment or leaves since the chemicals can harm the plant.
Fertilization of Sticta (Schreber) Ach.
Sticta does not require frequent application of fertilizers as it extracts nutrients from the air and water. However, you can occasionally spray foliar fertilizers like Tillandsia or orchid fertilizer on its leaves to supplement its nutrients. Follow the instructions on the fertilizer for the recommended application rate.
Pruning Sticta (Schreber) Ach.
Pruning Sticta (Schreber) Ach is unnecessary because it does not have a root system or branches. You can remove any brown or yellow leaves but avoid cutting off the entire leaf as it is crucial for the plant's photosynthesis. Additionally, avoid over-handling or touching the plant as it can damage the trichomes that enable the plant to extract water and nutrients from the air.
Propagation of Sticta Plants
Sticta plants can be propagated through several methods. The following are some of the common propagation methods for Sticta plants:
Propagation through division
The Sticta plant can be propagated through division by separating the main plant into smaller pieces and then replanting them. This method is usually done in early spring or late fall before the plant starts to grow again. Divide the plant and replant each division in another container filled with fresh potting soil.
Propagation through spores
Sticta plants can also be propagated through spores. The spores are produced in the spore cases that grow on the underside of the fronds. These spores can be used to grow new plants. Collect the spores and sprinkle them on a mixture of peat moss and sand. Cover the container with plastic wrap and wait for the spores to germinate.
Propagation through cuttings
Sticta plants can be propagated through stem cuttings. Cut a small piece of stem with a few leaves attached to it and insert it into a container filled with moist soil. Cover the container with plastic wrap to create a greenhouse effect. Keep the soil moist, and new roots should form in a few weeks.
Propagation through tissue culture
Tissue culture is another method used to propagate Sticta plants. This method is often used by commercial growers because it is a cost-effective way to produce large amounts of plants. Tissue culture involves taking a small piece of the plant and placing it in a container with a nutrient-rich media. The plant then grows in the container until it is large enough to be planted in soil.
Disease and Pest Management of Sticta (Schreber) Ach.
Sticta (Schreber) Ach., commonly known as "Lungwort," is a type of lichen that grows on trees and rocks. While it is generally a hardy plant species, it can still suffer from diseases and pest infestations.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affect Sticta is the bacterial leaf spot. This disease manifests as small dark spots on the lichen's surface, eventually turning into larger necrotic lesions. Fortunately, this disease can be prevented by maintaining good cultural practices, such as watering the plant properly, avoiding overcrowding, and following a regular fertilization schedule. If the disease has already infected the plant, it can be treated through the use of copper sprays applied on infected areas.
Another disease that can affect Sticta is the fungal infection called anthracnose. This disease is characterized by the presence of yellow, black, or brown spots on the plant's thallus. This disease can be controlled by pruning infected parts of the lichen and applying fungicidal sprays to affected areas.
Common Pests
Sticta may also become host to several pests that can cause severe damage if left untreated. One of the most common pests that can affect this plant species is the spider mite. This pest can cause yellowing or withering of the lichen, leaving it vulnerable to other pests and diseases. Control spider mites through the use of insecticidal sprays and by frequently washing the plant with water to dislodge the pests.
Another pest that plague Sticta is the scale insect. This pest feeds on the lichen's sap, causing stunted growth and reduced vigor. Control scale insects by manually removing them using a soft brush or by using insecticidal soaps and oils.
To maintain the health and appearance of Sticta, proper disease and pest management should be implemented. Regularly inspecting the plant and maintaining a clean and safe environment can go a long way in preventing and controlling the spread of pests and diseases.
