Sticta canariensis: Origin and Common Names
Sticta canariensis, also known as Canary Islands lungwort, is a species of lichen that is native to the Canary Islands. This lichen can be found growing in humid forests and rocky areas, often on the bark of trees. The plant is commonly known as "lungwort" because of the similarity of its lobed thallus to lungs.General Appearance
Sticta canariensis is a foliose lichen with a lobed thallus that can grow up to 15 centimeters in diameter. The lobes are broad and rounded, and have a wavy margin. The upper surface of the thallus is dark green to brown, whereas the lower surface is pale brown. The plant also has a number of small, black, dot-like structures known as apothecia scattered across its surface.Uses of Sticta canariensis
In traditional medicine, Sticta canariensis has been used to treat respiratory diseases such as coughs and bronchitis. It contains compounds that have anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties, which can help to relieve respiratory symptoms. The plant has also been used to make dyes and pigments, as it contains substances that can produce various shades of green and brown. In addition to its medicinal and dyeing uses, Sticta canariensis is also used in the perfume industry. The plant has a pleasant odor, and its essential oil is used as a fragrance in perfumes and other scented products. Overall, Sticta canariensis is a unique and useful plant with a number of different applications. Its striking appearance and beneficial properties make it a valuable addition to both traditional and modern medicine, as well as the perfume and dyeing industries.Light Requirements
Sticta canariensis prefers partial to full shade conditions and cannot tolerate direct sunlight exposure for prolonged periods. It is commonly found growing in the understory of humid and shaded forests or on rocky habitats with diffuse sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
This species thrives in a temperate to warm climate with an average temperature range of 15-25°C. The optimal temperature range for growth and development is between 18-22°C. It can withstand brief periods of frost but is sensitive to extreme cold climates.
Soil Requirements
Sticta canariensis prefers well-drained soil with a pH range between 5.5 and 7.0. It grows well in nutrient-rich soils that are moist but not waterlogged. In its natural habitat, it is often found growing on rocks, moss-covered trees, and soil with a high organic matter content.
Cultivation and Care of Sticta canariensis (Bory) Bory ex Delise
Sticta canariensis (Bory) Bory ex Delise is a beautiful lichen plant that is commonly found in the Canary Islands and North Africa. The following are some cultivation and care tips for this plant:
Cultivation
The plant prefers a warm and humid climate, and it is essential to keep it in a shaded area. It should not receive direct sunlight, as it can damage the plant. The plant should be grown on a well-draining substrate and in a shallow container.
Watering Needs
The Sticta canariensis plant requires frequent watering. It would be best if you kept the substrate moist, but not wet. Overwatering can cause root rot, leading to the death of the plant. It is advisable to use distilled water or rainwater to water the plant, as tap water can contain chemicals that may harm the plant.
Fertilization
This plant does not require fertilization, and it can survive without any added nutrients. However, you can add a small amount of liquid fertilizer during the growing season to encourage healthy growth. Ensure that the fertilizer is organic to prevent chemical build-up in the substrate.
Pruning
The Sticta canariensis plant does not require pruning. However, you can remove any dead or damaged parts of the plant to keep it healthy. Use sterilized scissors or pruning shears to avoid spreading any diseases or infections.
Propagation of Sticta canariensis (Bory) Bory ex Delise
Sticta canariensis (Bory) Bory ex Delise is a lichen that grows on rock or soil. It is an epiphyte and can be found growing on the bark of trees. Propagation of Sticta canariensis can be done through the division of thallus or by sowing its spores.
Division of Thallus
Division of thallus is the most common method of propagating Sticta canariensis. This method involves dividing the lichen into smaller pieces, each with a complete set of thallus. The best time to do this is during the spring or fall. Simply, remove the lichen from its natural environment and divide it into smaller pieces, making sure each piece has a complete thallus. The divided pieces can then be attached to a new substrate, such as rock, soil or tree bark, and placed in a sheltered, shady location.
Sowing of Spores
Propagation by sowing spores is also possible, but it is more technical and time-consuming. This method involves collecting the spores from mature lichens and sowing them onto a pre-prepared substrate. This substrate should contain the necessary nutrients required for the growth of the lichen. It must also be properly sterilized to prevent contamination. Once sown, the substrate should be left in a moist and shady location for a while, to give the spores enough time to germinate and grow into mature lichens. This method is suitable for those who want to propagate large amounts of Sticta canariensis.
Disease Management for Sticta canariensis
Sticta canariensis is generally a hardy plant, but it may be susceptible to a few diseases. Some common diseases that may affect Sticta canariensis include:
- Anthracnose: This is a fungal disease that causes brown and black spots on the plant's leaves. To manage this disease, it is essential to remove all infected leaves and avoid watering from above. Use of fungicides can also help in controlling the spread of the disease.
- Leaf spot: It is another fungal disease that causes brown spots on the plant's leaves. Removing all infected leaves can help prevent the disease from spreading. Use of fungicides can help in controlling the spread of the disease. It is also essential to improve the plant's air circulation and avoid watering from above.
- Rust: This is a fungal disease that appears as small, round, orange pustules on the plant's leaves. Remove the infected leaves and destroy them. Use of fungicides can help control the spread of the disease.
Pest Management for Sticta canariensis
Like other houseplants, Sticta canariensis is susceptible to attack by a variety of pests. Some common pests that may attack Sticta canariensis include:
- Spider mites: Small, red or green pests that appear on the undersides of the plant's leaves and spin webs. They suck the sap from leaves making them appear yellow. To manage spider mites, use of neem oil or soapy water to spray the affected plant may be effective.
- Scale insects: These are small, round pests that cling to the plant's leaves and stem. They suck the sap out of the leaves, causing them to wilt. To manage scale insects, use rubbing alcohol or insecticidal soap to clean the leaves and stem of the plant.
- Mealybugs: Soft-bodied, white pests that appear on the plant's leaves and stems. They can also be found in the crevices between leaves and stem. They suck sap from the leaves causing them to turn yellow. To manage mealybugs, use of neem oil or soapy water to spray the plant can be helpful.
