Overview of Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Walp. var. tomentella (Oliv.) Diels
Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Walp. var. tomentella (Oliv.) Diels is a plant that belongs to the family Menispermaceae. It is commonly known as Abyssinian Stephania, and it is native to tropical Africa, where it grows in Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, and Uganda.
Common Names
Aside from Abyssinian Stephania, the plant is also known by several other names depending on the region. In Ethiopia, it is called Yejo, while in Sudan, it is known as Korkudu. In Somalia, it is referred to as Dir-Kor, and in Uganda, it is called Naluvule.
Uses
Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Walp. var. tomentella (Oliv.) Diels has several uses, especially in traditional medicine. The plant's roots and stem contain several alkaloids, including tetrandrine and stepharine, which have antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties.
The plant is used in treating several conditions, including malaria, stomach problems, and respiratory disorders. It is also believed to have pain-relieving properties, and it is used to alleviate menstrual pain and headaches.
General Appearance
Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Walp. var. tomentella (Oliv.) Diels is a perennial plant that grows up to 12 meters in height. It has a thick stem that is covered with smooth bark, and its leaves are simple and alternate. The plant's flowers are small and greenish-yellow in color, and they grow in clusters.
The plant produces fruits that are fleshy and contain a single seed. The fruits are oval-shaped, and they change color from green to yellow when they ripen. The plant prefers well-drained soils and grows in semi-arid regions with an average annual rainfall of 400-1000mm.
Light Requirements
Stephania abyssinica var. tomentella thrives under bright light conditions but should be protected from direct sunlight. It requires a minimum of six hours of indirect sunlight exposure per day to grow optimally.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers warm temperatures for optimal growth. It can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°C, but the ideal temperature range for growth is between 20°C to 30°C. Temperatures above 35°C can cause leaf scorching and decrease plant vigor.
Soil Requirements
Stephania abyssinica var. tomentella thrives best in well-draining sandy or loamy soils. The soil must be rich in organic matter and nutrients. It requires a soil pH between 6.0 and 7.5. The plant is intolerant to waterlogged soils, so it's crucial to ensure proper drainage.
Cultivation Methods
Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Walp. var. tomentella (Oliv.) Diels is a tropical plant that can be cultivated in warm and humid environments. The plant can be grown in pots or in the ground and requires well-draining soil. Planting should be done during the rainy season when the temperatures are high, and the soil is moist. When transplanting, select a location that receives partial sunlight or is under the shade of taller plants or trees.
Watering Needs
The plant requires consistent watering, especially during the dry season. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot and ultimately kill the plant. The frequency of watering should be reduced during the rainy season as excess moisture can also have adverse effects on the plant.
Fertilization
During planting, a balanced fertilizer that is rich in phosphorus and potassium should be applied to the soil. Top dress the plant with the same fertilizer every four months. Organic fertilizers such as composted manure, organic bone meal, and worm castings can also be used. Always follow the recommended dosage on the packaging to avoid over-fertilization, which can stress the plant.
Pruning
Pruning is essential for the plant's growth as it prevents overcrowding and promotes air circulation. Overcrowding can lead to fungal diseases and pest infestation. Therefore, remove any dead or diseased leaves and stems from the plant. Trimming the plant to control its size and shape can also be done as needed. However, do not over-prune the plant as it can inhibit its growth and reduce its yield during fruiting.
Propagation Methods for Stephania Abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Walp. var. Tomentella (Oliv.) Diels
Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Walp. var. tomentella (Oliv.) Diels, commonly known as "African potato" is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Menispermaceae family. Propagation of this plant is essential to grow it for commercial purposes, food, and medicinal use. Stephania abyssinica var. tomentella can be propagated by several methods, including:
Seed Propagation
Propagation of Stephania abyssinica var. tomentella can be achieved through seeds. Seeds should be collected from ripened fruits, washed and cleaned to remove fleshy parts, and then dried. The seeds should be soaked in water for 24 hours before sowing to increase germination rates. The seeds should be sown in well-drained soil, covered slightly with soil or sand to prevent light from reaching them, and kept moist until germination, which takes between 3-5 weeks. Seedlings should be transplanted to individual containers after they have grown to 3-4 inches in height.
Sucker Propagation
Stephania abyssinica var. tomentella also produces suckers that can be used to propagate the plant. These suckers can be removed from the mother plant and planted in a container with well-drained soil. The soil should be kept moist, and the plant should be kept in a shaded area. Once the plant has established itself in the container, it can be transferred to its final growing location.
Root Cuttings Propagation
Root cuttings are a common propagation method for Stephania abyssinica var. tomentella. A mature plant’s roots should be dug up, and healthy roots of at least 1 inch thick and 8 inches long should be cut. Root cuttings should be kept in the shade and moistened until calluses form. Once calluses have formed, the root cuttings can be planted horizontally with the callus facing upwards in a container with well-drained soil. The container should be kept moist and in a shaded area until the plant has established itself.
Disease and Pest Management for Stephania abyssinica var. tomentella
Stephania abyssinica var. tomentella can be affected by various diseases and pests that can cause damage to the plant. Here are some common problems and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Grey Mold: Grey mold is a fungal disease that can affect the plant, especially during humid conditions. It causes the plant to rot and develop grayish-brown spots. To manage this disease, remove all the infected parts and improve the air circulation around the plant. Avoid overwatering and ensure that the soil is well-drained.
Root Rot: Root rot is a common disease caused by waterlogging and overwatering of the plant. It causes the roots to rot and the plant to wilt. To manage this disease, remove the infected parts and ensure that the soil is well-drained. Avoid overwatering and improve the soil drainage.
Pests
Aphids: Aphids are small insects that feed on the plant's sap, causing it to wilt and distort. To manage aphids, spray the plant with neem oil or insecticidal soap. Introduce natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings.
Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny insects that suck the plant's juice, causing it to turn yellow and eventually die. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with water or insecticidal soap, or introduce natural predators such as predatory mites.
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are white fluffy insects that feed on the plant's sap and weaken it. They are usually found in the crevices of the plant. To manage mealybugs, spray the plant with alcohol or insecticidal soap or introduce natural predators such as ladybugs.
