Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr. - Description
Staurothele clopima or Sticta clopima is a species of lichen found in the high altitude regions of Andes in South America. It belongs to the family Peltigeraceae and is commonly found in Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia.
Common Names
The common names of this plant include "Lluanga" and "Palo lluvia" in Ecuador. In Peru, it is known as "Llimpilla" or "Uruhualca."
Uses
The plant has been used traditionally by the indigenous people in South America for medicinal purposes. It is believed to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that help in treating infections and reducing inflammation. The lichen is also used as a natural dye to produce various shades of brown.
General Appearance
Staurothele clopima grows as a leafy lichen with a distinct yellow-greenish color. It has a foliose thallus with a central axis that is sometimes branched. The lobes of the thallus are broadly rounded, and the lower surface is white or pale greenish. The plant has apothecia that are typically rounded or oblong with a distinct greyish color. Overall, the plant has a unique and striking appearance, making it a popular ornamental plant.
Growth Conditions of Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr.
Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr. is a lichen species that typically grows on rocks and soil in temperate to cold regions. The species prefers areas with high humidity, but not excessively wet environments. The following are the ideal growth conditions for Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr.:
Light
The species prefers partial to full shade environments. It can tolerate some levels of direct sunlight, but extended exposure to direct sunlight can damage the species. Thus, it is advisable to grow the species under tree shade, rock overhangs, or partially shaded locations.
Temperature
Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr. can grow at a wide range of temperatures between 0°C to 25°C. However, the ideal temperature range for the species is 10°C to 16°C. Any temperature above the optimal range can lead to stunted growth, while temperatures below the range can lead to slow growth rates or dormancy.
Soil Requirements
Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr. can grow on different types of soil, including sandy, loamy, or clay soils. The species thrives in slightly alkaline soils with a pH range between 6.5 to 7.5. Additionally, the species grows best in well-drained soils that do not retain water after rainfall.
It is essential to maintain the recommended growth conditions to ensure a healthy and robust Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr. plant. When the conditions are favorable, the species can reach maturity in two to four years.
Cultivation Methods for Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr.
Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr., commonly known as the Wood-ear lichen, is an epiphytic species that grows on hardwood trees. Therefore, to cultivate this plant, you can use a hardwood board or branch and attach it to a tree.
After obtaining a hardwood branch or board, clean it with a soft brush and soak it in water for a few hours. Then, sterilize it by heating it in an oven at 150°F for an hour. Make sure there are no pests or insects that could harm the plant.
Once the surface has cooled down, take the Wood-ear lichen thallus and press it gently on the surface of the hardwood board/branch. Secure it in place with the help of a nylon stocking or fishing line. Make sure that the thallus is in contact with the surface and does not dry out.
After you have attached the thallus to a hardwood surface, place it outdoors in a shady spot. Avoid direct sunlight and areas where moisture levels are low. Over time, the lichen will grow and form a sturdy attachment to the hardwood surface.
Watering Needs for Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr.
Wood-ear lichens, including Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr., do not require regular watering. They absorb water and nutrients from the air, making them quite self-sufficient. However, during prolonged dry spells, you can mist the plant gently with water to prevent excessive dehydration.
In addition, during extended wet periods, you should cover the plant with a plastic sheet to prevent it from being oversaturated with water.
Fertilization of Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr.
As an epiphytic species, Wood-ear lichens do not require any fertilizers. They absorb nutrients and minerals from the surrounding air, feeding on atmospheric dust and debris. Therefore, avoid using any chemicals or fertilizers on the plant as it may damage or kill it.
Pruning of Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr.
Unlike regular garden plants, lichens do not require pruning. However, you can remove any dead or dry parts of the plant using a soft brush. Avoid using sharp tools or cutting into the plant's thallus as it may harm or kill it.
Furthermore, monitor the surrounding area for any growth of competing plants as they could reduce the lichen's access to water and nutrients, resulting in stunted growth.
Propagation of Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr.
Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr. can be propagated through several methods, including:
Division
Division is the most common method of propagating Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr. The plant can be carefully divided into smaller sections using a sharp, clean knife or scissors. Each section should have some roots attached and a few healthy leaves. The divisions can be potted in a well-draining soil mix and kept in a bright, humid location until they establish themselves.
Cuttings
Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr. can also be propagated from stem cuttings. Cuttings should be taken from healthy, mature stems and should include a few leaves. The cuttings should be allowed to dry for a few hours before being planted in moist soil. It is essential to keep the soil moist and to protect the cuttings from direct sunlight until they establish roots and new growth.
Spores
Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr. can also be propagated from spores, although this method requires more skill and patience. Spores should be collected from mature fronds and sprinkled on a tray of moist soil. The tray should be kept in a warm, humid location and covered with plastic wrap to create a mini-greenhouse. The spores will germinate and grow into small ferns that can be potted and grown into mature plants.
Regardless of the propagation method used for Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr., it is essential to keep the new plants in a warm, humid location with bright, filtered light until they are well-established. It is also important to avoid overwatering the young plants, as they are prone to rotting if the soil is too wet.
Disease and Pest Management for Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr.
Staurothele clopima sens. Th. Fr. is a hardy plant that can resist most pests and diseases. Nevertheless, it may experience some problems that could hinder its growth. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that may affect Staurothele clopima and ways to manage them:
Anthracnose
Anthracnose is a fungus that causes circular and brownish spots on the leaves of the plant. This disease is usually prevalent in humid conditions. Remove the infected leaves and apply fungicide to prevent further spread.
Root Rot
Root rot is a fungal disease that causes the roots to die, leading to the wilting of the plant. This disease is usually caused by overwatering or waterlogging. Avoid watering the plant too frequently and ensure proper drainage.
Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny pests that suck sap from the plant, leading to yellowing and drying of the leaves. Spray the plant with neem oil or insecticidal soap to eliminate these pests.
Scale Insects
Scale insects are common in indoor plants and suck the sap from stems and leaves, leading to stunted growth. Remove the insects manually or apply a mixture of water and dishwashing liquid to eliminate them.
Mealybugs
Mealybugs are small insects that feed on the plant sap, causing yellowing and curling of leaves. Remove the insects manually or spray the plant with neem oil or insecticidal soap to eliminate them.
Regular inspection of the plant and proper caring habits can prevent the occurrence of most diseases and pests that affect Staurothele clopima. These practices involve regular watering, proper lighting, and occasional fertilization to keep the plant healthy and thriving.
