Overview of Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br.
Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br. is a succulent plant from the Apocynaceae family. It is a sub-species of the species "Stapelia hirsuta", which is predominantly found in Africa and its neighbouring areas. These plants are commonly known as 'Carrion Flowers' or 'Starfish Flowers'. The name Carrion flower is derived from the overpowering scent of a rotting animal carcass which the plant emits, to attract flies that pollinate it. It is a staple plant in many African medicinal and cultural practices.
General Appearance of Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br.
Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br. has thick, succulent stems that grow up to 30cm in height. The stems are branching and arranged in a starfish-like pattern. The flowers grow on the end of each stem and are large and striking, approximately 10-14cm in diameter. The flowers are burgundy-brown in colour with cream-coloured hairs surrounding the edges. Each flower has five pointed petals that curl backward to expose the centre of the flower, which is a deep maroon-black. The plant's leaves are small and inconspicuous, and grow opposite to each other on the stem.
Uses of Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br.
Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br. has played a significant role in African traditional medicine to treat various ailments like eczema, stomach complaints, and snake bites. These plants have also been used to alleviate the symptoms of haemorrhoids, fever, and infertility. The plant is now gaining popularity in the world of aromatherapy because the flowers' fragrance has a calming and relaxing effect that helps relieve stress and anxiety when used in oils.
Light Requirements
The Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br. plant requires bright, indirect sunlight to thrive. This plant can tolerate a few hours of direct sunlight in the morning but must be protected from the intense afternoon sunlight. The ideal location would be near a window with east or west exposure.
Temperature Requirements
Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br. plants thrive in warm temperatures ranging between 60°F to 85°F. These plants are not cold-hardy and must be protected from freezing temperatures. During the winter months, it's advised to keep the plant in a warm room or near a heat source to avoid damage from cold temperatures.
Soil Requirements
The Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br. plant thrives in nutrient-rich, well-draining soil. A mix of regular potting soil, sand, and perlite can be used. The soil pH must be slightly acidic, ranging between 5.5 to 6.5. It's best to use a container with drainage holes to avoid waterlogging the soil, which could lead to root rot.
Cultivation Methods for Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br.
Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br. is a lovely succulent plant that requires essential care to thrive. Ensure it gets sufficient sunlight, between four to five hours daily, for it to grow successfully. Room temperatures ranging between 60-85°F are suitable for this plant.
The unique plant shape makes it an excellent option for indoor container gardening. As a result, you should ensure that the potting container has well-draining soil to prevent root rot. You can garden this plant alongside other cactus plants as it thrives in similar conditions.
Watering Needs for Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br.
The watering requirements for Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br. are specific, as this plant is susceptible to root rot. Ensure you have well-draining soil to eliminate the risk of waterlogging. During the growing season, water the plant sparingly, allowing the soil to dry completely before the next watering session. Additionally, water the plant from the bottom to avoid pouring excess water directly on the plant.
During the dormant season, allow the plant to rest by reducing its watering schedule to around once a week. You can also reduce the amount of water you use to avoid over-saturating the soil.
Fertilization
Fertilization is an essential care procedure that improves the plant's overall growth. Ensure you use a balanced liquid fertilizer with equal proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Avoid overfertilizing the plant, as it can cause salt buildup in the soil or burnt roots.
During the growing season, fertilize the plant once every month, just before watering it. Avoid fertilizing the plant during the dormant season, as it does not require extra nutrients during this period.
Pruning
Pruning is necessary for maintaining the plant's shape and getting rid of dead or dying leaves. You can use a sharp, sterile pair of scissors or shears to prune the plant effectively. Cut off any leaves that start turning yellowish or brown, as this indicates that the plant has a disease or pest infestation.
Additionally, pruning can help manage the plant's size, allowing you to maintain the desired shape. Prune the plant during the growing season, just before fertilization. Ensure that you remove the leaves cleanly to avoid injuring the plant.
Propagation of Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br.
Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br. can be propagated through stem cuttings, seeds, and division.
Propagation through stem cuttings
The best time to take stem cuttings is during the growing season. Select a healthy, mature stem and cut it just below a node, ensuring that the cutting is at least 5 cm in length. Leave the cutting in a shaded place to dry for a few days. Prepare a potting mixture consisting of well-draining soil and sand in a 1:1 ratio. Plant the cutting in the potting mixture and water sparingly. Keep the pot in a shaded area for a few weeks until new growth appears.
Propagation through seeds
The seeds of Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br. can be collected from the mature, ripe fruits. Sow the seeds in a well-draining potting mixture consisting of sandy soil and perlite in a 1:1 ratio. Keep the pot in a warm, shaded area and water sparingly. The seeds usually germinate within 4-6 weeks.
Propagation through division
Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br. can be divided when it outgrows its pot. Gently remove the plant from its pot and separate the plant into smaller sections. Each section should have a healthy root system and at least one stem. Plant the new sections in individual pots containing well-draining soil and water sparingly. Keep in a shaded area until new growth appears.
Disease Management
Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br. is relatively resistant to diseases but can still be affected by several fungal and bacterial infections. Proper plant care and maintenance practices can prevent most diseases from occurring.
Root and Stem Rots: Overwatering or improper drainage can lead to rotting of the roots and stems. To prevent root and stem rots, ensure proper soil drainage and avoid overwatering. Remove and discard affected leaves and stems promptly, and allow the remaining parts of the plant to dry out before watering.
Leaf Spots: Leaf spots are caused by fungal and bacterial infections and appear as small, dark spots on the leaves. To prevent leaf spots, avoid overhead watering, and keep the foliage dry. Remove and discard affected leaves promptly. Apply a fungicide or bactericide as necessary.
Pest Management
Stapelia hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br. is generally free from pests, but infestations can occur, especially when environmental conditions are favorable. Common pests that might affect this plant include mealybugs, scale insects, and spider mites.
Mealybugs and Scale Insects: These pests are characterized by their white, cottony appearance and can be found on the stems and leaves of the plant. To control mealybugs and scale insects, remove them with a cotton swab or a soft brush dipped in rubbing alcohol or insecticidal soap. Repeat the process weekly until the infestation is under control.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny arachnids that feed on the sap of the plant, causing yellowing and browning of the leaves. To control spider mites, spray the plant with a jet of water to dislodge them. Alternatively, apply a miticide to the plant, following the manufacturer's instructions carefully.
