Origin
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. hircosa (Jacq.) N.E.Br. is a species of the Asclepiadaceae family that is commonly found in the Eastern regions of South Africa and Mozambique. It is also popularly known as the starfish flower and the carrion flower. This fascinating succulent plant is known for its strange, star-shaped flowers and a strong odor that resembles rotting meat, which attracts flies for pollination.
General Appearance
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. hircosa is a low-growing, sprawling succulent plant with fleshy stems that can reach up to 20 cm in height. The stems are usually green in color and have small, spine-like protuberances that cover their surface. The leaves are reduced to small scales, and the plant is largely leafless, with only the occasional pair of oblong leaves near the base of the stem. The flowers are large, up to 20 cm in diameter when fully open, and have a beautiful star-shaped appearance with a reddish-brown, velvety texture on the petals.
Common names
The plant is commonly known as the carrion flower or starfish flower, due to its unique shape and the odor of decay it emits to attract flies for pollination. It is also known by other common names such as the toad plant, rat tail cactus, and star cactus.
Uses
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. hircosa has been traditionally used in South African herbal medicine for its digestive properties. The plant is also used as a decorative addition to gardens and is grown for its unique and beautiful flowers. The carrion flower, with its striking appearance and pungent aroma, is a popular addition to garden collections for succulent enthusiasts worldwide.
Light Requirements
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. hircosa (Jacq.) N.E.Br. requires bright, indirect light to grow properly. It generally thrives in areas that receive direct sunlight for a few hours every day.
Temperature Requirements
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. hircosa (Jacq.) N.E.Br. prefers warm temperatures ranging from 18 to 30 degrees Celsius. It can tolerate temperature fluctuations, but it is crucial to avoid any sudden drops below 18 degrees Celsius.
Soil Requirements
The plant thrives in well-draining, sandy soil. A cactus or succulent potting mix works fine, and it is essential to use a pot with drainage holes to ensure excess water drains correctly. The soil should be allowed to dry completely between watering sessions.
Cultivation Methods
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. hircosa (Jacq.) N.E.Br. is native to South Africa and is a succulent plant that requires bright, indirect sunlight to grow. It is best to plant it in a well-draining potting mix or cactus soil that contains sand and perlite.
In terms of temperature, this plant prefers warm to hot conditions between 18°C to 35°C and is not frost-tolerant.
During the growing season in spring and summer, it requires sufficient ventilation to prevent any diseases or fungal infections.
Watering Needs
It is best to water this plant sparingly but deeply during the growing season, allowing the soil to dry out in between watering to prevent root rot. Overwatering can cause harm to this succulent plant.
In winter, reduce the watering frequency as the plant enters a dormancy period and slows down its growth rate. At this stage, it is best to water the plant every two to three weeks only.
Fertilization
This plant does not require a lot of fertilization. However, it would be best to provide it with a diluted balanced fertilizer once a month during the growing season to enhance its growth rate and encourage blooming.
It would help if you were careful not to over-fertilize the plant to avoid damaging the roots and leaves.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. hircosa (Jacq.) N.E.Br. However, you can remove any dead or damaged stems or leaves at the base to improve the plant's aesthetic appeal.
This will also enhance its airflow and light penetration, thus promoting better growth and reducing the risk of fungal infections. It is best to use sterile pruning tools to avoid any infections or diseases.
Propagation of Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. hircosa (Jacq.) N.E.Br.
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. hircosa (Jacq.) N.E.Br. can be propagated through various methods. The most common and efficient methods are through stem cuttings and seed propagation.
Propagation through stem cuttings
Propagation through stem cuttings is the easiest and fastest way to propagate Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. hircosa (Jacq.) N.E.Br. Cut healthy stems of about 8-10cm in length from the mature plant and leave them in a cool, dry place for one or two days to let the wounds dry.
Once the stems have dried up, plant them in a well-draining soil mix and cover them with a plastic bag to maintain humidity. Ensure that the soil mix is moist but not waterlogged. Place the cuttings in a warm and bright spot but not in direct sunlight. After about two weeks, roots will start to grow, and new leaves will sprout. Ensure that the soil is kept moist, but not waterlogged, to prevent root rot.
Propagation through seed propagation
Propagation through seed is a viable option but can be quite challenging as it requires more attention and care. The seeds should preferably be collected in late autumn or early winter and sown in spring. It is crucial to use a well-draining soil mix, and the seeds should be sown on the surface of the soil mix without covering them.
The soil mix should be kept moist but not waterlogged, and the container should be placed in a warm and bright spot but not in direct sunlight. After about one to two weeks, the seeds should start to germinate. Once the seedlings are big enough, they can be transplanted into small individual pots with a well-draining soil mix. Ensure that the soil is kept moist, but not waterlogged, to prevent root rot.
Disease Management
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. hircosa (Jacq.) N.E.Br. is not particularly prone to diseases, but it is susceptible to root rot caused by overwatering, as well as fungal infections. To prevent these issues, it's important to provide well-draining soil and avoid getting water on the leaves and stem of the plant. If you do notice signs of disease, such as yellowing leaves, wilting, or black spots, the affected portions of the plant should be removed and discarded.
Pest Management
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. hircosa (Jacq.) N.E.Br. may be attacked by several pests, including mealybugs and spider mites. Mealybugs can be removed from the plant by wiping them off with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol. Spider mites can be kept under control by spraying the plant with a solution of water and insecticidal soap.
It's important to keep an eye out for any signs of pest infestations, such as yellowing leaves or a sticky residue on the plant. Early detection can help prevent more severe damage to the plant and make managing the infestation easier.
