Origin
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. densa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. is a succulent plant native to the Karoo region of South Africa, particularly found in the Northern Cape Province and Western Cape Province.
Common Names
This species of Stapelia is known by various common names, including "Starfish Flower" and "Carrion Flower" due to its strong odor reminiscent of rotting flesh that attracts flies for pollination.
Appearance
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. densa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. typically grows in clumps up to 12 inches in diameter and 4 inches in height. The stems are dark green and angled, with 4-6 ribs and numerous tubercles along the edges. The flowers are up to 4 inches in diameter with 5 pointed petals, each resembling a starfish, and are dark red to almost black in color with contrasting light-colored spots.
Uses
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. densa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. is primarily grown as an ornamental plant due to its unique appearance and fascinating flowers. It is also used in traditional medicines by the indigenous peoples of South Africa to treat various ailments such as snake bites, stomach issues, and respiratory problems.
Light Requirements
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. densa prefers bright, indirect light and should be placed in a location that receives at least 4-6 hours of sunlight per day. However, direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, so it is best to provide shade during the hottest parts of the day.
Temperature Requirements
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. densa requires a warm environment to thrive. It is not frost tolerant and should be kept in temperatures between 60-80°F (15-27°C). Cold drafts or sudden temperature changes can damage the plant, so it is important to keep it in a stable environment.
Soil Requirements
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. densa requires well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. A mix of peat and sand is ideal. It is also important to ensure that the soil is not kept too moist as this can lead to root rot. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings and reduce watering in the cooler months.
Cultivation Methods
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. densa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. requires a well-draining soil mix and a pot with drainage holes to prevent waterlogging. It prefers bright but indirect sunlight and warm temperatures between 50-80°F (10-27°C). Outdoor cultivation in warmer climates is possible, but it should be protected from direct sunlight and cold temperatures below 50°F (10°C).
Watering Needs
Water regularly during the growing season (spring and summer) and reduce frequency during the dormant season (fall and winter). Allow the soil to dry out between watering to prevent rotting. Overwatering can cause the roots to rot and negatively affect the plant's growth and health.
Fertilization
Fertilize every two weeks during the growing season with a diluted succulent or cactus fertilizer. Be careful not to over-fertilize, as this can cause salt buildup in the soil and damage the plant.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. densa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. However, it may become necessary to remove any dead or damaged stems or to control the plant's size. Use a clean, sharp pair of scissors or pruning shears to make clean cuts, and avoid tearing or damaging the healthy stems.
Propagation of Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. densa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br.
There are several methods that can be used to propagate Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. densa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. These include:
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
One of the most common methods of propagating Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. densa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. is by using stem cuttings. For this, select a healthy stem and cut it into sections of around 4-5 inches long. Once cut, leave the sections to dry out for a day or two, and then insert them into well-drained soil. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged until new growth appears.
Propagation by Seeds
Another method of propagation is by using the seeds of the plant. It is important to use fresh seeds that have been collected from a healthy plant to ensure the best chance of germination. Sow the seeds on the surface of a well-drained soil mix and cover lightly with soil. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged, and place in a warm, bright location. Germination can take several weeks or months, so patience is key.
Propagation by Division
Dividing an established plant is another way of propagating Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. densa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. To do this, carefully remove the plant from its container and gently separate the roots. Each clump of roots should ideally have some stem and leaves. Plant the divided clumps in well-drained soil and keep moist until new growth appears.
Disease Management
The Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. densa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. is generally a hardy plant and not susceptible to many diseases but can still suffer from some of the common plant diseases.
Fungal infections: The most common fungal infections that can be seen in Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. densa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. are powdery mildew, rust, and leaf spots. Keeping the plant foliage dry and improving air circulation around the plant can prevent fungal infections. If fungal growth is already visible, it is best to remove affected plant parts or treat them with fungicides that are safe for use with succulent plants.
Bacterial infections: The main signs of bacterial infections are yellowing leaves and rotting stems. To avoid bacterial infections, it is essential to keep the plant soil well-draining and to avoid overwatering. If bacterial growth is already visible, consider switching to a better-draining soil mix and cutting off the infected parts. Also, use a copper-based fungicide to prevent the spread of bacteria.
Pest Management
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. densa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. can be infested by insects such as mealybugs, scales, and spider mites. Such infestations can weaken the plant and sometimes cause yellowing or dropping of leaves.
Mealybugs: These are sap-sucking insects that can be found in the form of white fluffy masses on the foliage of the plant. To address mealybug infestations, spraying affected areas with rubbing alcohol or insecticidal soap can be effective.
Scales: These are also sap-sucking insects that form a hard, scaly covering on the stems of the plant. A common way of removing scales is to use an old toothbrush soaked in alcohol to scrub off the scales. Alternatively, spraying the affected area with insecticidal soap helps to manage scale infestations.
Spider mites: These are small, oval-shaped pests that can be found in the webbing, plants' undersides, or in a colony just above the soil. To prevent spider mites, it is important to keep the plant foliage moist and well-hydrated. If spider mites infest the plant, use a strong spray of water to wash the pests off the plant. Alternatively, spraying affected areas with insecticidal soap can help to manage spider mite infestations.
