Origin
Stapelia choanantha Lavranos & H.Hall is a succulent plant species that belongs to the Apocynaceae family. It is native to the semi-arid areas of southern Africa, particularly in Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa.
Common Names
The plant's common names include starfish flower, carrion flower, and African starfish flower. The name 'carrion' came from the plant's unique smell that resembles a rotting carcass and attracts flies, which are the primary pollinators of the plant.
Uses
The plant is mainly grown as an ornamental plant due to its unique appearance and peculiar smell. It is highly valued by collectors for its stunning flowers, which come in shades of maroon, brown, or purple. The flowers bloom during the summer months and can grow up to 15 cm in diameter.
In traditional medicine, Stapelia choanantha Lavranos & H.Hall has been used to treat various ailments such as snakebites, toothaches, and stomach problems. The stem's sap was used to treat skin diseases like eczema and boils, and the root extract was used as an emetic.
General Appearance
The plant features a thick stem that grows up to 1 meter tall and measures approximately 5 cm in diameter. The stem is a light green or brown color and has vertical ribs with small spines covering the ribs' edges. The leaves are reduced to small, whitish scales that are only present near the top of the stem.
The flowers grow on top of the stem and are star-shaped with five pointed petals. The petals are hairy and have a velvety texture. The center of the flower is sunken in with frilly edges that give it a unique appearance. The flowers last for a few days before withering away.
Growth Conditions for Stapelia choanantha Lavranos & H.Hall
Stapelia choanantha Lavranos & H.Hall is a fascinating plant that requires specific growing conditions to thrive. Here are some of the essential elements to take into account:
Light Requirements
One of the most important factors to consider when growing Stapelia choanantha Lavranos & H.Hall is the amount of light the plant receives. This species requires plenty of bright, indirect light to grow correctly. Therefore, it is best to grow the plant near a south-facing window, which will provide the right amount of light without exposing it to direct sunlight, which can scorch its leaves.
Temperature Requirements
Stapelia choanantha Lavranos & H.Hall grows best in warmer temperatures of around 70 to 85 °F (21 to 30 °C) during the day and 50 to 60 °F (10 to 16 °C) during the night. It is crucial to avoid exposing the plant to temperatures below 40 °F (4.4 °C) or above 100 °F (37.8 °C), as this can stunt growth or even kill the plant.
Soil Requirements
Stapelia choanantha Lavranos & H.Hall grows best in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. A mixture of cactus soil, sand, and perlite or pumice is ideal for this plant. It is essential to ensure that the pot has adequate drainage to prevent water from accumulating in the soil, which can lead to root rot.
Water Requirements
Stapelia choanantha Lavranos & H.Hall prefers to be kept on the dry side and requires infrequent watering, especially during the winter months. Water the plant only when the soil is dry to the touch, and be careful not to oversaturate the soil. It is best to avoid getting water on the leaves or flowers, which can cause them to rot.
Fertilizer Requirements
Stapelia choanantha Lavranos & H.Hall is not a heavy feeder, and too much fertilizer can damage the plant. A slow-release fertilizer formulated for cacti and succulents can be used during the growing season. It is best to follow the manufacturer's instructions for the recommended amount.
By providing the right growing conditions, you can ensure that your Stapelia choanantha Lavranos & H.Hall plant will thrive and produce beautiful, impressive flowers.
Cultivation
Stapelia choanantha Lavranos & H.Hall, commonly known as carrion plant, is a succulent that requires minimal maintenance. The plant grows naturally in rocky, arid habitats, so it is best to mimic its natural habitat when cultivating it.
Choose a well-draining potting mix, preferably one designed for cacti and succulents. The soil should not be allowed to become soggy, as this can quickly lead to root rot.
The ideal location for the carrion plant is in full sunlight, but it can also tolerate partial shade. As a general rule, the plant should receive at least six hours of bright, indirect sunlight each day.
Watering Needs
Water the carrion plant sparingly, as it is susceptible to root rot. Water only when the soil is completely dry, and avoid getting water on the leaves. This can cause the plant to rot or attract pests.
In the winter months, water even more sparingly as the plant goes into a dormant period. Only water once every few weeks, or when the soil is extremely dry.
Fertilization
The carrion plant is a relatively low-maintenance species and does not require much fertilization. Only fertilize during the growing season, which falls between spring and summer.
Fertilize once a month, using a half-strength, balanced fertilizer. Water the plant thoroughly before applying the fertilizer to avoid burning the roots.
Pruning
Pruning is not always necessary for the carrion plant, as it usually maintains a neat, compact shape on its own. However, if the plant becomes too leggy, it can be pruned to promote new growth.
To prune, use a sharp, clean pair of scissors or pruning shears. Cut back the stem, just above a leaf node, to promote branching and encourage the plant to grow fuller and bushier.
Propagation of Stapelia choanantha
Stapelia choanantha Lavranos & H.Hall, also known as 'Carrion plant', can be propagated through various methods, including:
Seeds
The most common method of propagating Stapelia choanantha is through seeds. When ripe, the seed pods will turn brown and split open, revealing numerous seeds. These seeds can then be collected and sown into well-drained soil.
It is important to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged, and to provide a warm and bright environment for the seeds to germinate. Germination typically takes anywhere from 1-4 weeks.
Cuttings
Stapelia choanantha can also be propagated through stem cuttings. The ideal time to take cuttings is during the plant's active growing season, which typically occurs in late spring/early summer.
Take a 4-6 inch cutting of a healthy stem, making sure to include a node or two. Allow the cutting to dry out for a week or two before planting it in well-draining soil. It is important to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged, and to provide a warm and bright environment for the cutting to root.
Rooting typically takes around 3-4 weeks, after which the cutting can be transplanted into its permanent pot or location.
Offsets
Stapelia choanantha occasionally produces offsets, or small plants that form at the base of the parent plant. These can be carefully removed and planted in their own pots or locations. Make sure to wait until the offset has developed its own roots before separating it from the parent plant.
Disease and Pest Management for Stapelia Choanantha Lavranos & H.Hall
Stapelia choanantha Lavranos & H.Hall is generally a disease-resistant plant, but it is susceptible to certain pests and diseases. Here are some common pests and diseases that might affect the plant:
Pests
Mealybugs: These pests are small, white, fuzzy insects that suck the juices out of the plant, causing it to weaken and eventually die. To manage mealybugs, use a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol to wipe them off the plant. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control the infestation.
Spider Mites: These tiny pests are difficult to see, but they are notorious for damaging plants. They cause leaves to turn yellow and eventually drop off. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a strong stream of water to remove them. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control the infestation.
Scale Insects: Scale insects are small, oval-shaped pests that attach themselves to the stems and leaves of the plant. They suck on the plant juices and cause yellowing of the plant. To manage scale insects, use a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol to wipe them off the plant. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control the infestation.
Diseases
Root Rot: Overwatering or poor drainage can cause root rot, which is a disease that affects the roots of the plant. The plant will begin to wilt and eventually die if left untreated. To manage root rot, remove the plant from its pot, trim away any rotting roots, and replant it in fresh soil with good drainage.
Fungal Diseases: Fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and black spot can affect the plant. These diseases can cause leaves to yellow and eventually drop off. To manage fungal diseases, remove infected plant material and dispose of it. You can also use a fungicide to control the spread of the disease.
Viral Diseases: Viral diseases can cause stunted growth and distorted leaves. Unfortunately, there are no cures for viral diseases, and infected plants should be removed and destroyed to prevent the spread of the disease to healthy plants.
Overall, the key to managing pests and diseases on the Stapelia choanantha Lavranos & H.Hall plant is to identify the problem early and take action. Regular monitoring of the plant and proper care, including good watering and fertilization practices, can help prevent infestations and diseases from taking hold.
