Introduction
Spilanthes costata Benth. is a species of flowering plant from the family Asteraceae. It is also known by the common names toothache plant, buzz button, and electric daisy. The plant is native to South America, specifically in Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina.Description
Spilanthes costata Benth. is a herbaceous plant that grows up to 60 cm tall. It has glossy and succulent leaves that are triangular in shape with serrated edges. The plant produces small, yellow flowers with prominent dark purple centers that bloom during summer and fall. The flower heads are globular or hemispherical in shape and can reach up to 2 cm in diameter. The leaves and flowers have a pungent, spicy flavor and can cause a tingling/numbing sensation in the mouth when consumed.Uses
The Spilanthes costata Benth. plant has been used for its medicinal properties for centuries. In traditional medicine, the root, leaves, and flowers are used as a remedy for toothaches, sore throats, and gum infections. The plant is also known to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fungal properties. Apart from medicinal uses, Spilanthes costata Benth. is also used as a culinary herb. The leaves and flowers are commonly used as a spice in salads, soups, and sandwiches. The tingling/numbing sensation it provides makes it an interesting addition to dishes. It is also used as a flavoring agent in cocktails and other alcoholic beverages.Cultivation
Spilanthes costata Benth. can grow in a variety of soils, but it prefers well-drained, loamy soil. The plant is drought tolerant and can withstand partial shade to full sun. It is propagated through seeds, which can be sown directly into the soil in the spring. The plant can also be grown from cuttings or by division.Conclusion
Spilanthes costata Benth. is a versatile plant with many different uses. It is an interesting addition to any herbal garden or kitchen garden. The plant's unique flavor and medicinal properties make it a popular choice for those interested in natural remedies and culinary experimentation.Light Requirements
Spilanthes costata Benth. is a sun-loving plant that requires full sunlight exposure for at least 6 hours daily. In low light conditions, the plant's growth may be stunted, and the leaves may lack the glossy appearance characteristic of the species.
Temperature Requirements
This plant thrives in a warm environment, with temperatures ranging from 20 to 30°C being ideal during the day and 16 to 20°C at night. When exposed to temperatures below 10°C or above 40°C, the plant may experience stress that could lead to wilting or even death.
Soil Requirements
Spilanthes costata Benth. prefers well-drained, moderately fertile soils that have a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. The plant is adaptable to grow in various soil types, but it thrives in loamy soils that are rich in organic matter and have good drainage. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged to ensure optimal growth and development.
Cultivation Methods
Spilanthes Costata Benth. is most commonly grown in well-drained soils with a pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.5. The plant needs full sunlight, but it can also tolerate partial shade. The seeds can be directly sown in the soil, or the seedlings can be transplanted from a nursery if available.
Watering Needs
This plant requires regular watering, especially during drought periods. It is best to water it deeply once a week, rather than frequent shallow watering. However, care must be taken that the plant does not sit in waterlogged soil as this may lead to root rot.
Fertilization
As spilanthes costata is a heavy feeder, it requires regular fertilization to thrive. The plant should be fed once every two weeks with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season. Care must be taken not to over-fertilize as it can have adverse effects.
Pruning
Pruning helps to shape the plant and keep it healthy. The plant must be pruned after the growing season and before the start of the next one. All dead or yellowing leaves must be removed and pruning can also be used to control the size. The plant should also be deadheaded to promote more blooming.
Propagation of Spilanthes Costata Benth.
Spilanthes Costata Benth. is commonly propagated through seeds, stem cuttings, and division.
Propagation by Seeds
Seeds of Spilanthes Costata Benth. can be collected during the flowering season. The seeds should be sown in a seedbed in a well-draining soil mix. The seedlings will emerge within 2-4 weeks after planting. The seedlings can be transplanted to individual pots once they have developed two or more true leaves.
Propagation by Stem cuttings
Stem cuttings of the plant can be taken during the growing season when the plant is actively growing. The cuttings should be taken from the terminal portion of the stem, and each cutting should be about 10-15 cm long. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cutting should be dipped into rooting hormone powder. The cuttings should be inserted into a well-draining soil mix, and the soil should be kept moist. The cuttings will root in about 2-3 weeks and can be transplanted to individual pots once they have developed sufficient roots.
Propagation by Division
Division of Spilanthes Costata Benth. is another effective method of propagating the plant. The plant should be lifted carefully, and the root ball should be divided into several sections. Each section should have at least one healthy shoot and a sufficient number of roots. The divisions should be planted in well-draining soil, and the soil should be kept moist until the plant becomes established.
Overall, Spilanthes Costata Benth. can be propagated easily through either seed, stem cuttings, or division.
Disease Management
Spilanthes costata Benth. is relatively resistant to diseases, but fungal and bacterial infections can still occur. The following are some common diseases that may affect this plant:
- Leaf spot: This disease is caused by the fungus Alternaria spp., which produces small, circular spots on the leaves. To manage leaf spot, remove and destroy infected plant parts, and apply fungicide to protect healthy foliage.
- Root rot: This disease is caused by the soil-borne fungus Phytophthora spp. and can lead to wilting, yellowing, and death of the plant. To manage root rot, avoid overwatering the plant and use well-draining soil. Apply fungicides to protect the plant roots.
- Powdery mildew: This disease is caused by the fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum and appears as a white powdery coating on the leaves. To manage powdery mildew, improve air circulation around the plant and avoid overcrowding. Apply fungicide to protect healthy foliage.
Pest Management
Spilanthes costata Benth. can also be affected by various pests that can cause damage to the plant. Some common pests that may infest this plant include:
- Aphids: These small, sap-sucking insects can cause distorted growth and yellowing of leaves. To manage aphids, spray the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Caterpillars: These pests can chew on the leaves, causing holes and defoliation. To manage caterpillars, pick them off by hand and destroy them.
- Spider mites: These tiny pests can cause yellowing and stippling of leaves. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a strong jet of water to dislodge them, or apply insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Regularly monitoring the plant for signs of disease or pest infestation and promptly taking action can help to maintain healthy and vigorous growth of Spilanthes costata Benth.
