Overview
Sphalmanthus celans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, also known as the Bushman Poison Rope or Bosaranggif (Afrikaans), is a perennial plant species belonging to the Apocynaceae family. It is an endemic plant species of Namibia and South Africa.Appearance
The Sphalmanthus celans plant has a distinctive appearance, with long, slender stems that grow up to three meters in length. The stems are green and cylindrical, with a diameter of around 1cm. The leaves are thin, opposite, and nearly sessile. The plant produces small, white and fragrant flowers with a diameter of around 5mm, followed by long, narrow cylindrical fruits.Uses
The plant has been used traditionally by the San people of Southern Africa for a variety of medicinal purposes. The roots and stems of the plant contain toxic compounds, including cardiac glycosides and alkaloids, which are known to have medicinal properties. The plant has been used as a painkiller and for the treatment of fever, eye infections, and constipation. However, the plant is extremely toxic, and ingestion of any part of the plant can result in severe poisoning and death. In addition to its medicinal use, the Sphalmanthus celans plant has also been used for cultural reasons. The San people use the plant to create arrows for hunting, as well as to manufacture ropes and baskets.Conclusion
Sphalmanthus celans is a unique and interesting plant species with significant cultural and medicinal value. However, its extreme toxicity should be noted and taken seriously to avoid accidental poisoning.Light Requirements
The Sphalmanthus celans plant thrives well under moderate to bright indirect light. The plant can tolerate low light conditions, but it may affect its growth rate and size. It is advisable to place the plant in an east or west-facing window, where it can receive bright light without getting exposed to direct sunlight, which can scorch the leaves.
Temperature Requirements
This plant prefers warm temperatures, and it grows best in temperatures ranging between 65°F-80°F (18°C-27°C). It cannot withstand temperatures below 50°F (10°C), which can lead to cold stress, causing the leaves to drop. The plant should be kept away from cold drafts.
Soil Requirements
The Sphalmanthus celans plant thrives well in well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. It requires a soil pH of between 5.5-6.5. The soil should be kept moist, but it should not be waterlogged as it can cause root rot. It is advisable to add peat moss or perlite to the soil to improve drainage.
Cultivation
Sphalmanthus celans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus is an easy-to-grow plant that flourishes well in well-draining soil. Choose a well-lit area with some partial shade and good ventilation for planting. The plant can be grown from seeds or propagated through stem cuttings.
When planting from seeds, make sure to plant in moist soil and keep the soil moist until the seedlings emerge. The seedlings take about 2 to 3 weeks to emerge, and after which you can reduce the frequency of watering.
Watering Needs
This plant is tolerant of drought, but adequate watering is essential for the plant's growth and health. Allow the soil to dry out between watering to avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot.
Around once a week watering during summer and once every two weeks in winter should be sufficient. Water the plant at the base and avoid getting water on the leaves to prevent fungal diseases.
Fertilization
For the best results, fertilize the plant every two weeks during the growing season, which is spring and summer. Use an all-purpose liquid fertilizer, diluted to half strength, and apply it to the soil around the base of the plant.
During the dormant season, which is fall and winter, reduce the frequency of feeding the plant. Fertilizer application during this period can lead to overstimulation of the plant, affecting the plant's ability to conserve energy.
Pruning
Sphalmanthus celans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus does not require frequent pruning, but it's a good idea to remove any dead or wilted leaves to encourage new growth. You can also prune the plant to maintain its shape and size if it becomes too leggy or unruly.
Pruning should only be done during the growing season, especially in spring after the blooming season has ended. Avoid pruning during the dormant season as it can make the plant more susceptible to damage.
Propagation of Sphalmanthus Celans
Sphalmanthus Celans is a lovely succulent plant that is easy to propagate. There are several methods you can use to propagate this plant, including:
1. Leaf Cuttings
This process involves taking a healthy leaf cutting from the parent plant. Choose a leaf that is plump, healthy, and free from any damage or disease. Cut the leaf cleanly from the plant using a sharp knife or scissors.
Allow the cutting to dry in a cool, dry place for a few days until a callus forms over the cut end. Once the callus has formed, plant the cutting in a mixture of well-draining soil and sand. Water the cutting sparingly, and place it in a bright location but out of direct sunlight.
2. Stem Cuttings
You can also propagate Sphalmanthus Celans from stem cuttings. Select a healthy stem from the parent plant and cut a section that is about four inches long. Remove the lower leaves, leaving only the top two or three leaves intact.
Allow the cutting to dry for a few days until a callus forms over the cut end. Once the callus has formed, plant the cutting in a mixture of well-draining soil and sand. Water sparingly, and place the cutting in a bright location but out of direct sunlight.
3. Division
Sphalmanthus Celans can also be propagated by division. This method is best done in the spring or summer when the plant is actively growing. Remove the parent plant from its pot and gently separate the offsets from the main root system.
Plant the offsets in individual pots using a mixture of well-draining soil and sand. Water sparingly and place the pots in a bright location but out of direct sunlight.
With any of these methods, it's important to avoid overwatering the new plants, as Sphalmanthus Celans is prone to root rot.
Disease management
Sphalmanthus celans is susceptible to various fungal infections, including root rot, leaf blotch, and powdery mildew. Proper sanitation practices can help reduce the risk of plant diseases. It is important to remove and dispose of any dead or infected plant material promptly. Additionally, providing adequate air circulation and avoiding overwatering can prevent the growth and spread of fungal pathogens. Fungicides can be used as a preventative measure to protect the plant from infection, but they should be used sparingly and strictly according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Pest management
Several pests may attack Sphalmanthus celans, including mealybugs, spider mites, and thrips. Mealybugs are small, white insects that can be found on the underside of leaves and in the soil. They secrete a waxy substance that can cause deformities and stunted growth in plants. Spider mites are tiny pests that can spin webs and feed on the sap of the plant, causing yellowing and stippling of the leaves. Thrips are small, slender insects that feed on the plant's tissue, causing deformed leaves and flowers.
To control these pests, it is important to regularly inspect the plant for any signs of infestation. In the case of minor infestations, they can often be managed by removing the affected plant parts manually. Pest infestations can also be treated by using insecticidal soap or neem oil. These products are environmentally friendly and do not harm beneficial insects.
