Origin
Sphaeropteris cooperi (Hook. ex F. Muell.) R. M. Tryon, commonly known as Cooper's tree fern, is a species of tree fern native to the rainforests of Australia, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Northern Territory, Queensland, and New South Wales.
Common Names
Besides Cooper's tree fern, Sphaeropteris cooperi is also commonly called Cooper's Australian tree fern, Cooper's forest fern, and Blackboy tree fern.
General Appearance
The Sphaeropteris cooperi is a perennial tree fern that can grow up to 20 feet in height, although it may reach 40 feet in its natural habitat. The trunk is cylindrical, straight, and tall, with a diameter of up to 1 foot. The crown of fronds on top of the trunk can grow up to 10 feet long and 4 feet wide, providing a dramatic display of arching and drooping fronds. The fronds are pinnately compound, with up to 40 pinnae per side, each with a distinct hairy midrib, and the leaflets are ovate to lanceolate, shiny green, and finely serrated.
Uses
The Sphaeropteris cooperi is often used as an ornamental plant in gardens, landscapes, and public parks. It is a popular choice for creating a tropical or exotic ambiance in areas with mild climates. Cooper's tree fern can also be grown in pots or containers and used as houseplants. Besides its decorative value, some indigenous communities used the young leaves of the tree fern as a source of food or as traditional medicine to treat certain ailments.
Light Requirements
Sphaeropteris cooperi requires high levels of indirect light to thrive. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, so it is recommended to place the plant in a bright spot with filtered light or partially shaded during the hottest hours of the day.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Sphaeropteris cooperi is between 65-80 degrees Fahrenheit (18-26°C), making it adaptable to thrive in most indoor environments. Cold drafts or excessively hot temperatures can negatively impact growth and cause damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
Sphaeropteris cooperi requires well-draining soil that holds moisture. The pH of the soil should be slightly acidic, around 5.5 to 6.5. It is recommended to use a soil mixture containing bark, peat moss, and perlite or coarse sand.
Water Requirements
Sphaeropteris cooperi requires consistently moist soil, but should never be allowed to sit in standing water, which can cause root rot. The frequency of watering depends on a variety of factors such as temperature, humidity, and light levels. It is recommended to water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
Fertilizer Requirements
Sphaeropteris cooperi should be fertilized once every two weeks with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season (spring and summer). It is recommended to dilute the fertilizer to half the recommended strength to avoid damaging the plant's roots. During the dormant season (fall and winter), fertilization can be reduced to once a month or stopped entirely.
Cultivation methods
Sphaeropteris cooperi is usually propagated from spores. The spores are surface sown in a sterile potting mix, kept moist, and covered with a plastic lid to maintain humidity. The pot should be placed in warm and bright conditions but avoid direct sunlight. When the spores have developed into small plants, transfer them into individual pots with well-draining soil. This plant prefers a humid environment, so it is best to place it in a greenhouse or a room with a humidifier.
Watering needs
Sphaeropteris cooperi likes moist soil, so watering should be done generously but not too frequently to avoid waterlogged soil. Check the moisture level of the soil by sticking your finger into it. If the top two inches of the soil feel dry, it is time to water the plant. Be sure to use lukewarm water as cold water can shock the plant and lead to damage.
Fertilization
Sphaeropteris cooperi is a heavy feeder and requires frequent fertilization to maintain its growth. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Fertilize every two weeks during the growing season, which is usually from spring to fall. It is essential to dilute the fertilizer to half strength to avoid burning the roots.
Pruning
Sphaeropteris cooperi does not require regular pruning. However, you can remove any damaged or dead fronds as soon as you notice them. To avoid attracting pests and diseases, disinfect your pruning tools before and after each use. When removing the fronds, cut them as close to the base of the plant as possible.
Propagation of Sphaeropteris Cooperi
Sphaeropteris Cooperi is a great fern species to grow in your garden. Propagating this plant is relatively easy and can be done in a variety of ways including spores, division, and cuttings.
Propagation by Spores
Spore propagation is one of the most common and preferred methods to propagate Sphaeropteris Cooperi. To propagate the plant, collect mature spores to increase the chances of successful germination. Sow the spores on moist peat moss and place the planted spores in a warm location with bright lighting.
Propagation by Division
Sphaeropteris Cooperi can also be propagated through division. This method is usually done when the plant has outgrown its current pot. To propagate the plant by division, first remove the plant from its pot and carefully separate the root ball into smaller sections. Re-pot the separated sections into their individual pots with fresh soil and water thoroughly.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is also possible for Sphaeropteris Cooperi. To propagate using cuttings, select a frond from the parent plant that has brown patches on its underside. Cut the frond off the parent plant, and make sure the cutting is at least 6 inches long with several leaves attached. Next, place the cutting in a pot with moist soil and cover the top with a plastic bag. Keep the pot in a cool and shaded location until new growth appears.
Common Diseases of Sphaeropteris cooperi Plant
Sphaeropteris cooperi plant is quite resistant to diseases, but it can still be affected by some fungal and bacterial infections. One of the common diseases affecting the plant is Fusarium wilt, which causes yellowing of leaves, wilting, and death of the plant. The disease is spread through soil and water, and it is advisable to avoid overwatering and maintain good drainage.
Another disease that can affect Sphaeropteris cooperi is leaf spot disease caused by Bipolaris spicifera and other fungi. The disease causes dark spots on leaves, and it can lead to defoliation and stunted growth. It is important to get rid of infected plant material and avoid overhead watering to minimize the spread of the disease.
Pests Affecting Sphaeropteris cooperi Plant
Sphaeropteris cooperi is also prone to attack by pests that can cause significant damage to the plant and lower its aesthetic value. One common pest is the mealybug, which feeds on plant sap and excretes a sticky substance that attracts ants. The pest can cause yellowing of leaves, stunted growth, and distorted leaves. It is recommendable to introduce natural predators such as ladybugs or spraying insecticides to manage mealybug infestation.
The scale insect is another pest that can affect Sphaeropteris cooperi plant. The pest feeds on plant sap, and it can cause the plant to wilt, yellow, or defoliate. It is important to monitor the plant regularly and remove any infected material immediately. Applying insecticidal soap or horticultural oil can also help manage scale infestation.
Conclusion
Sphaeropteris cooperi is a stunning plant that requires minimal maintenance. However, it can still be affected by diseases and pests that can lower its aesthetic value. Taking adequate measures to manage pests and diseases will ensure the plant remains healthy and vibrant. It is important to regularly inspect the plant, remove any infected material, and apply relevant control measures to manage pests and diseases effectively.
