Origin
Sphaerocoryne gracilis (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. subsp. gracile, commonly known as "slender-leaved sphaerocoryne," is a plant species that belongs to the Apocynaceae family. It is native to Central and Western Africa, particularly in Cameroon and Nigeria.
Common Names
Aside from "slender-leaved sphaerocoryne," this plant is also commonly known as "sheshungu" in the local language of Cameroon and "eluma" in Nigeria.
Uses
This plant is used in traditional medicine in Central and Western Africa to treat various health problems. Its roots and leaves are used to treat stomach pains, snakebites, and fever. In addition, extracts from this plant have shown potential as an anti-cancer agent.
General Appearance
Sphaerocoryne gracilis subsp. gracile is a perennial plant that can grow up to 1 meter in height. It has slender stems and narrow leaves that are arranged opposite to each other. The leaves are about 5-10 cm long, smooth, and shiny. The flowers are small, white to pink, and are arranged in clusters at the end of the stems. The fruits are round, fleshy, and contain numerous seeds.
Light Requirements
Sphaerocoryne gracilis subsp. gracile thrives in exposed habitats that provide abundant sunlight. It needs at least 6 hours of sunlight daily to grow healthily. The plant tolerates partial shade, but extended periods of shade might lead to stunted growth and reduced flowering.
Temperature Needs
This plant can adapt to different temperature fluctuations, but it thrives in a warm environment. The ideal temperatures for optimal growth are between 20°C and 30°C (68°F - 86°F). Temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can inhibit growth, while temperatures above 35°C (95°F) can cause stress on the plant.
Soil Requirements
Sphaerocoryne gracilis subsp. gracile prefers well-draining soil that is slightly acidic or neutral. The plant thrives in sandy or loam soils that are rich in organic matter and nutrients. The pH range of the soil should be between 6.2 and 7.0. The soil should not be waterlogged as it can lead to root rot and fungal infections.
Cultivation
The Sphaerocoryne gracilis (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. subsp. gracile, commonly known as the slender ball cactus, is a small succulent plant that requires well-draining soil and exposure to sunlight for maximum growth.
It is recommended to plant the cactus in containers that have drainage holes in the bottom to prevent waterlogging of the soil.
The best-suited soil for this plant is a mixture of sand, perlite, and cactus potting mix.
Watering Needs
The slender ball cactus is drought tolerant and requires infrequent watering. Overwatering can lead to root rot or fungus attacks. It is recommended to always check if the soil is dry before watering.
For this plant, it is best to water it at least once every three weeks during the growing season, and reduce watering to once every six weeks during the dormant season in winter.
A good practice is to water the plant entirely and let the excess water drain out from the bottom of the container.
Fertilization
Although the slender ball cactus doesn't need frequent fertilizing, slow-release fertilizer can be added to the soil once a year during the growing season to boost its growth.
The best fertilizer to use for this plant is a cactus-specific fertilizer that contains minimal amounts of nitrogen and higher amounts of potassium and phosphorous.
Pruning
The slender ball cactus doesn't require regular pruning. Pruning must be done when the plant sheds branches or excessive growth or dead parts have accumulated.
A sanitized pruning shear can help minimize the risk of disease and infections. Always trim or cut the parts at the base of the plant and allow the wound to heal for a day or two before watering the plant.
Propagation of Sphaerocoryne Gracilis subsp. Gracile Plant
Sphaerocoryne gracilis subsp. gracile, also known as the African star bush, is a low-maintenance plant that is easy to propagate with various techniques. The most common propagation methods for this plant are:
Division
Division involves splitting the plant into multiple sections, each having their roots and foliage. This method works well with mature plants as they continually produce suckers that can be transplanted to a new pot or spot in the garden. During the division process, ensure that each segment has enough roots and foliage to survive independently.
Cuttings
Cuttings propagation is perfect for beginners and those who do not have mature plants. Take healthy cuttings of 4-6 inches from new growth and remove the lower leaves to leave only a few leaves at the top. Dip the cut stem about an inch into rooting hormone powder and plant the cutting in fertile soil. Keep the soil moist and ensure the cutting is receiving adequate light but not direct sunlight. The cuttings should start rooting within 2-3 weeks.
Seeds
Sowing seeds is a cost-effective way of propagating Sphaerocoryne gracilis subsp. gracile. Collect fresh seeds from the plant, and sow them in well-draining soil and cover with a thin layer of soil. Keep the soil moist and place in a warm, well-lit area. Germination should occur within 7-21 days, depending on the environmental conditions. Once the seedlings have grown about two inches tall, transfer them to individual pots or a well-prepared garden bed.
Disease and Pest Management for Sphaerocoryne Gracilis subsp. Gracile Plant:
Sphaerocoryne gracilis subsp. gracile is a medicinal plant known for its therapeutic properties. However, it is susceptible to several pest and disease problems that can affect its growth and overall health. Here are the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and suggested ways to manage them:
Diseases:
Root Rot: The most common disease of Sphaerocoryne gracilis subsp. gracile is root rot, which is caused by fungal infection due to overwatering. To manage this, ensure that the plant's soil is well-drained and avoid overwatering. In case of infection, remove the infected plant and dispose of it properly. Using a fungicide is also an effective option to control root rot.
Fungal Leaf Spot: This is another fungal disease that leads to the development of brown spots with yellow margins on the plant's leaves. To manage this, remove the infected leaves and spray a fungicide on the remaining plant.
Pests:
Spider Mites: Spider mites are the most prevalent pests of Sphaerocoryne gracilis subsp. gracile. They suck the sap from the plant's leaves, leading to stunted growth and yellowing. To manage this, use insecticidal soap or neem oil to eradicate the pests. Avoid over-fertilizing the plant, as it can attract spider mites.
Aphids: Aphids are tiny, pear-shaped insects that can easily infest Sphaerocoryne gracilis subsp. gracile. They feed on the plant's sap, causing discoloration and curling of the leaves. To manage this, spray insecticidal soap or neem oil on infected areas and remove the heavily-infested leaves. Use reflective mulch around the plant to discourage aphids from landing on the leaves.
By being vigilant and taking preventative measures, Sphaerocoryne gracilis subsp. gracile can be protected from these pests and diseases, ensuring its continued growth and vitality.
