Overview
Spermacoce subvulgata (K.Schum.) J.G.García var. subvulgata is a popular plant found in various parts of the world. It is a species of the Rubiaceae family, which includes gardenias and coffee plants. The plant is known for its variety of uses, ranging from medicinal to ornamental.Origin
Spermacoce subvulgata (K.Schum.) J.G.García var. subvulgata is native to tropical and subtropical regions. It is commonly found in Africa, Asia, and South America. In Africa, the plant is often found growing in the savannas and along riverbanks. In South America, it is found in the Amazon Basin.Common Names
Spermacoce subvulgata (K.Schum.) J.G.García var. subvulgata is known by various regional names. In Africa, it is commonly referred to as "mkulavinyaa" in Swahili or "akwire" in Luganda. In South America, it is known as "mastruço" in Brazilian Portuguese or "cebolinha de reino" in Brazilian vernacular.Uses
Spermacoce subvulgata (K.Schum.) J.G.García var. subvulgata has been used for centuries in traditional medicine. It is known to have anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat coughs, fevers, and headaches. The plant is also used to aid digestion and alleviate stomachaches. In addition to its medicinal benefits, Spermacoce subvulgata (K.Schum.) J.G.García var. subvulgata is also used ornamentally. The plant produces small, white flowers that bloom throughout the year. It is often used as a border plant or groundcover in gardens.General Appearance
Spermacoce subvulgata (K.Schum.) J.G.García var. subvulgata is a herbaceous annual or perennial plant, growing up to 50 cm tall. The leaves are glossy and dark green, with a lanceolate shape. The plant produces small, white flowers that bloom in clusters. The roots are stringy and shallow, spreading out horizontally. When the plant is crushed, it produces a sweet scent.Light Requirements
Spermacoce subvulgata prefers full sun to partial shade. It is a sun-loving plant that requires at least six hours of sunlight per day. It cannot tolerate heavy shading or complete absence of light.
Temperature Requirements
Spermacoce subvulgata is a tropical plant that thrives in warm temperatures. It cannot withstand frost or very low temperatures. The optimal temperature range for growth is between 25°C and 35°C. It requires a warm and humid climate to grow and flourish.
Soil Requirements
Spermacoce subvulgata prefers well-drained soils that are rich in nutrients. It can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including sandy, loamy or clay soils. However, it grows best in soils that are slightly acidic to neutral with pH range between 5.5 and 7.5. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged as waterlogging can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.
Cultivation Methods for Spermacoce subvulgata
Spermacoce subvulgata is an easy-to-grow and low-maintenance plant that thrives in warm temperatures and humid climates. It can be cultivated both indoors and outdoors in planters and pots, as well as in garden beds. The plant prefers well-draining soil, and it's suitable for sandy, loamy, and clay soil types.
For best results, plant Spermacoce subvulgata in full sun to partial shade, and provide it with ample space to grow. The plant's width can reach up to 2 feet, so make sure to provide it with enough room to spread without overcrowding neighboring plants.
Watering Needs for Spermacoce subvulgata
Spermacoce subvulgata generally needs moderate watering, and it prefers consistently moist soil. However, the plant does not tolerate standing water, so make sure to plant it in well-draining soil and water only when the top inch of soil is dry.
During hot and dry weather, water Spermacoce subvulgata more frequently, but be careful not to overwater it, as this may cause root rot and other diseases. As a general rule, always check the soil's moisture level before watering and adjust as needed.
Fertilization for Spermacoce subvulgata
Although Spermacoce subvulgata doesn't require heavy fertilization, it can benefit from occasional feedings, especially during the growing season. Use a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer and apply according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Alternatively, you can also use organic fertilizers, such as compost, manure, or fish emulsion, to boost the plant's growth and health. Avoid fertilizing Spermacoce subvulgata during the dormant season, as this may cause unnecessary stress on the plant.
Pruning for Spermacoce subvulgata
Spermacoce subvulgata doesn't require regular pruning, but you can trim off dead or damaged leaves and stems to maintain the plant's shape and appearance. Pruning can also encourage bushier growth and stimulate new blooms.
If the plant becomes leggy or outgrows its space, you can perform a more severe pruning, cutting back up to one-third of its height. However, avoid cutting into the woody parts of the stem, as this may damage the plant and affect its growth.
Propagation of Spermacoce subvulgata (K.Schum.) J.G.García var. subvulgata
Spermacoce subvulgata can be propagated by both seeds and stem cuttings.
Propagation by Seeds
The plant produces small, black seeds that can be collected once the fruits have dried on the plant. The seeds can be sown in a seed tray filled with a well-draining soil mix and covered lightly with soil. Keep the soil consistently moist until the seedlings emerge, which typically takes around 10-14 days. Once the seedlings have grown large enough, they can be transplanted to individual pots filled with potting soil and grown until they are large enough to be planted in their permanent location.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Stem cuttings are another popular and effective method of propagation for Spermacoce subvulgata. Cut a section of stem about 5-7 cm long from a healthy, established plant and remove any leaves from the bottom half of the cutting. Dip the cut end of the stem into rooting hormone powder before planting it in a well-draining soil mix. Keep the soil moist and place the cutting in a warm, bright location. After a few weeks, the cutting should start to root and can be transplanted to individual pots filled with potting soil. Once the plant is large enough, it can be moved to a permanent location in the ground.
Disease Management
One common disease that can affect Spermacoce subvulgata is Powdery Mildew. This disease shows up as a white powdery substance on the plant's leaves and can lead to stunted growth and wilting. To prevent powdery mildew, ensure that the plant is grown in a well-ventilated area with enough space for air circulation. Also, avoid overwatering the plant and remove any infected leaves as soon as they're noticed.
Another disease that can harm the plant is Rust. It is characterized by yellow or brown spots on the leaves, which later turns into raised pustules of rust-colored spores. Just like Powdery Mildew, Rust can cause stunted growth, and in severe cases, defoliation. To manage Rust, ensure that the plant is grown in well-drained soil, and avoid moisture on the leaves. Also, remove and destroy any infected leaves as soon as they appear.
Pest Management
Spermacoce subvulgata can also be attacked by pests such as spider mites, aphids, and mealybugs. Spider mites are tiny and can cause leaf yellowing and eventually defoliation. To control spider mites, use an insecticidal soap or neem oil spray, increasing the humidity levels, or simply hose down the leaves regularly.
Aphids and mealybugs are insects that feed on sap from the plant, leading to yellow, curled, and sticky leaves and stunted growth. To control aphids and mealybugs, regularly check the plant for signs of infestation and use an insecticidal spray or a mixture of dish soap and water to get rid of them. For severe infestations, use a systemic insecticide as a last resort.
