Overview
Smilax ecirrata (Engelm. ex Kunth) S. Wats. var. biltmoreana (Small) Ahles, commonly known as Biltmore's smilax, is a perennial plant species that belongs to the Smilacaceae family. The plant is native to the southeastern United States, specifically in the states of Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, and North Carolina.Appearance
Biltmore's smilax has a twining stem that can grow up to 30 feet long. The stem is woody and has thorns that can be up to 0.4 inches long. The leaves are dark green, smooth, and can be up to 6 inches long and 4 inches wide. The plant's flowers are small, greenish-white, and grow in clusters. The fruits are small, round, and black when ripe.Uses
Biltmore's smilax has been used by indigenous peoples as a traditional medicine for various purposes, including treating syphilis, rheumatism, and skin problems. The plant contains compounds that have anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antirheumatic properties. Nowadays, extracts from Biltmore's smilax are used in the cosmeceutical industry, particularly in anti-aging and skin-lightening products. Despite its medical uses, Biltmore's smilax is also cultivated for ornamental purposes because of its attractive appearance, especially its thorny stem, which provides texture and visual interest to gardens. Additionally, the plant's young shoots, when cooked, can be eaten as a vegetable, commonly used in soups, salads, and stews. In conclusion, Biltmore's smilax is a versatile plant that has been used for medicinal, cosmetic, and culinary purposes. Its thorny stem and dark green leaves make it an attractive addition to gardens, while the plant's medicinal properties make it a valuable component in traditional medicine and modern cosmeceuticals.Light Requirements
Smilax ecirrata (Engelm. ex Kunth) S. Wats. var. biltmoreana (Small) Ahles thrives in partial to full shade. This plant cannot tolerate direct sunlight for extended periods, so it is best to grow it under the shade of trees or in areas with dappled sunlight. Too much direct sunlight causes the leaves to yellow and drop prematurely.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Smilax ecirrata (Engelm. ex Kunth) S. Wats. var. biltmoreana (Small) Ahles growth is between 50°F to 85°F. This plant is hardy in USDA zones 5 through 9, which means it can tolerate both hot and cold temperatures. However, it can experience dieback in colder regions if not well-protected during the winter.
Soil Requirements
Smilax ecirrata (Engelm. ex Kunth) S. Wats. var. biltmoreana (Small) Ahles prefers slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH range between 5.5 to 7.0. The soil should be moist, well-draining, and rich in organic matter. Sandy or loamy soils are best for this plant, as they prevent waterlogging and promote proper aeration. Soil fertility should also be taken into consideration, as excess nutrients can harm the root system.
Cultivation Methods
Smilax ecirrata (Engelm. ex Kunth) S. Wats. var. biltmoreana (Small) Ahles, commonly known as Biltmore carrionflower, prefers well-draining sandy or loamy soil. It grows well in partial to full sun environments and can tolerate temperatures down to -10 degrees Fahrenheit.
The ideal planting time for Biltmore carrionflower is in the early spring when the soil temperature is consistently above 60 degrees Fahrenheit. The spacing for planting should be at least 2-3 feet apart to allow for root growth. The depth of planting should be slightly deeper than the rootball of the plant. Regular mulching helps to maintain moisture in the soil around the plant and suppress weeds that may interfere with its growth.
Watering Needs
Biltmore carrionflower requires regular watering during the growing season, which is typically from spring to summer. The soil should be kept consistently moist, but not overly watered, as this can lead to root rot. It is best to water deeply, allowing the water to penetrate the soil to a depth of 6-8 inches and then let the surface soil dry out before watering again. During the winter months, the watering should be minimized and kept to a minimum to prevent root rot.
Fertilization
Biltmore carrionflower benefits from regular fertilization during its growing season. The ideal time for fertilization is in the early spring before new growth begins. A balanced fertilizer with equal levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is recommended, with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 or 20-20-20. Fertilizer should be applied at a rate of 1 tablespoon per plant, and then worked into the soil around the base of the plant.
Pruning
Biltmore carrionflower requires minimal pruning, but pruning aids in shaping and promoting growth and should be done in the winter period when the plant is dormant. The primary reason for pruning is to remove dead or damaged foliage, which may be a risk of disease. Any overgrown stems should also be pruned back to encourage new growth the following season. If the plant has outgrown its space, pruning can be used to reduce the size of the plant and prevent it from drying out.
Propagation of Smilax ecirrata (Engelm. ex Kunth) S. Wats. var. biltmoreana (Small) Ahles
Smilax ecirrata (Engelm. ex Kunth) S. Wats. var. biltmoreana (Small) Ahles, commonly known as Biltmore's carrionflower or Jackson vine, is a perennial vine that can be propagated by various methods.
Propagation by Seed
Propagation by seed is the most common method for Smilax ecirrata (Engelm. ex Kunth) S. Wats. var. biltmoreana (Small) Ahles. The seeds can be collected from the ripe fruit and sown in a well-draining soil mix. The seedlings should be kept in a moist, warm environment for optimal growth.
It is important to note that propagation by seed may not produce the same characteristics of the parent plant, as Smilax ecirrata (Engelm. ex Kunth) S. Wats. var. biltmoreana (Small) Ahles is known to exhibit genetic variability.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings can be a reliable method for Smilax ecirrata (Engelm. ex Kunth) S. Wats. var. biltmoreana (Small) Ahles. The cuttings should be taken from young, healthy growth in the spring or early summer.
The cuttings should be approximately 6-8 inches long and should include at least two nodes. Remove the lower sets of leaves and dip the cut end in rooting hormone before planting in a well-draining soil mix. Keep the cuttings in a humid environment until new growth emerges.
Propagation by Division
Propagation by division can be successful for Smilax ecirrata (Engelm. ex Kunth) S. Wats. var. biltmoreana (Small) Ahles, although it is not recommended as the preferred propagation method.
To propagate by division, the parent plant should be dug up and carefully separated into sections, ensuring each section has roots and a portion of the stem. Replant each section in a well-draining soil mix and keep in a humid environment until new growth emerges.
Disease Management:
Smilax ecirrata var. biltmoreana is not known to be susceptible to any specific diseases. However, as with any plant, there is a risk of fungal, bacterial, or viral infections. To prevent these potential diseases, it is important to maintain good plant hygiene and ensure that the plant is grown in a well-draining soil. If you notice any signs of disease, such as discolored or distorted leaves, we suggest removing the infected leaves and destroying them. Additionally, it is recommended you treat the plant with an appropriate fungicide, bacterialicide, or virucide based on the specific type of infection.
Pest Management:
Smilax ecirrata var. biltmoreana is generally not a very vulnerable plant to pests, but there are some potential pests that can cause problems. The most common pests to affect the plant are spider mites, aphids, and mealybugs. To avoid pests, keep the plant in an area that receives appropriate amounts of light and ensure enough humidity to deter spider mites. Additionally, we recommend checking the plant frequently for signs of infestation, such as yellowing leaves or sticky residue left by bugs. If the plant does become infested, use insecticidal soap, neem oil, or horticultural oil to eliminate the pests.
