Plant Description:
Smelowskia calycina (Steph. ex Willd.) C.A. Mey. ssp. integrifolia (Seem.) Hultén, also known as Cushion smelowskia, is a low-growing perennial plant that belongs to the family Brassicaceae. It is typically found growing in alpine and subalpine regions of western North America.
Appearance:
The plant has a compact cushion-like growth habit, growing up to 15 cm in diameter and 2-5 cm in height. The leaves are small, narrow, and lance-shaped, measuring up to 3 cm in length. They often grow close to the ground and are covered in fine white hairs that give them a silvery-gray appearance. The flowers are small and white, growing in clusters at the top of the stems.
Uses:
Smelowskia calycina ssp. integrifolia is often grown in rock gardens or as a groundcover in dry, sunny areas. It is drought-tolerant and thrives in well-drained soil. In addition to its ornamental value, the plant has also been used by indigenous people for medicinal purposes. The Montana State University Extension notes that various parts of the plant have been used to treat issues such as inflammation, fatigue, and coughs.
Common Names:
The plant is commonly known by a variety of names including Cushion smelowskia, Cushion willowherb, Rocky Mountain smelowskia, and Woollyheads.
hereLight Requirements
Smelowskia calycina ssp. integrifolia requires full sun to partial shade for its growth and development. The plant will not do well in deep shade, and the lack of sufficient sunlight may lead to stunted growth and poor flowering.
Temperature Requirements
The plant grows best in cooler climates and is tolerant of frost and cold conditions. The ideal temperature range for growth is between 50 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit, but the plant can also tolerate temperatures outside this range. Extreme heat, however, may be detrimental to the plant's growth, and it may become dormant during the hot summer months.
Soil Requirements
Smelowskia calycina ssp. integrifolia prefers well-drained soils that are slightly acidic to slightly alkaline. The plant can grow in various soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. However, it does not tolerate waterlogged or poorly drained soils, which can lead to root rot and plant death. The addition of organic matter to the soil can improve drainage and provide necessary nutrients for plant growth.
Cultivation methods
Smelowskia calycina (Steph. ex Willd.) C.A. Mey. ssp. integrifolia (Seem.) Hultén is a resilient plant that can thrive in various environments. It prefers well-draining soils with good air circulation and full sun to partial shade. The plant can grow up to four inches tall and spread around six inches in diameter. The plant’s ideal temperature ranges from 25°F to 90°F and can survive in USDA hardiness zones 3 to 8.
Watering needs
Since Smelowskia calycina is a drought-tolerant plant, watering it once a week is enough. However, the frequency of watering depends on the temperature condition, soil firmness, and maturity. For instance, if placed under the sun, the plant would require watering more often, whereas if planted in a container, it can require frequent watering. The soil should not get soggy as it can lead to root rot and plant death. It is highly recommended to use a well-draining soil mix to ensure excess water drains out of the soil efficiently.
Fertilization
Smelowskia calycina does not require frequent fertilization. However, for a healthy plant growth, fertilizing it twice a year, preferably during early spring and late summer, can do wonders. It is advisable to use an all-purpose 10-10-10 water-soluble fertilizer. Be careful not to over-fertilize as it can lead to excessive foliage growth and weaken the plant.
Pruning
Smelowskia calycina is a plant that can go without pruning for an extended period. However, pruning can encourage bushier and denser foliage. Pruning the plant before the flowers bloom can promote new growth and extend the plant's life. Avoid cutting the plant to the ground as it might harm the deep roots. Instead, remove the flower stems and trim the plant to one-third of its height or less.
Propagation of Smelowskia calycina ssp. integrifolia
Smelowskia calycina ssp. integrifolia is a hardy perennial plant that can be propagated through several methods. Successful propagation ensures that the plant will continue to grow, and it also allows for the creation of new plants for ornamental or medicinal purposes.
Propagation by Seed
Propagation by seed is the most common method used for Smelowskia calycina ssp. integrifolia. It is recommended to plant seeds in the fall or early winter in a well-draining soil mixture. The seeds should be sown at a depth of around 1/8 inch and kept moist until germination occurs, which typically takes between 10 to 14 days. Once the seedlings have produced their second set of leaves, they can be transplanted into individual pots or directly into the garden bed.
Propagation by Division
Propagation by division is another method used for Smelowskia calycina ssp. integrifolia. This method involves dividing an established plant into several sections, each with its own root system. Divisions should be taken during the spring or fall when the plant is not in active growth. To divide the plant, carefully lift it from the soil and gently separate the root ball into sections using a sharp, sterile knife or pruner. Each section should have several healthy shoots and roots. Once divided, the sections can be planted in individual pots or directly into the garden.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings can also be used for Smelowskia calycina ssp. integrifolia. To propagate by cuttings, take stem cuttings during the spring or summer from the tips of healthy, non-flowering shoots. Cuttings should be around 3-4 inches in length and free of any flowers or buds. Remove the lower leaves of the cutting, and dip the cut end into rooting hormone powder before planting into a well-draining growing medium. Keep the cuttings moist and in a shaded area until roots have formed, typically in 4-6 weeks. Once roots have formed, they can be transplanted into individual pots or the garden bed.
Disease and Pest Management for Smelowskia calycina (Steph. ex Willd.) C.A. Mey. ssp. integrifolia (Seem.) Hultén
Smelowskia calycina (Steph. ex Willd.) C.A. Mey. ssp. integrifolia (Seem.) Hultén is a hardy plant that is generally not affected by many pests and diseases. However, it is still important to be aware of common issues that can arise and take steps to manage them effectively.
Common Diseases
One common disease that can affect Smelowskia calycina is powdery mildew. This fungal infection appears as a white powdery substance on the leaves and stems. To prevent powdery mildew, it is important to ensure good air circulation around the plant and avoid overhead watering. If powdery mildew does occur, treat it with a fungicide specifically designed for powdery mildew.
Another common disease that can affect Smelowskia calycina is leaf spot. This fungal infection causes brown spots to appear on the leaves. To prevent leaf spot, avoid overhead watering and make sure the plant has good air circulation. If leaf spot develops, remove affected leaves and treat with a fungicide designed for leaf spot.
Common Pests
One common pest that can affect Smelowskia calycina is aphids. These small insects suck sap from the plant and can cause stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. To prevent an aphid infestation, regularly inspect the plant and remove any affected leaves. If aphids do appear, treat the plant with an insecticide specially designed for aphids.
Another common pest that can affect Smelowskia calycina is spider mites. These tiny arachnids feed on the leaves of the plant and can cause yellowing and wilting. To prevent spider mites, regularly inspect the plant and avoid dry conditions. If spider mites do appear, treat the plant with an insecticide specifically designed for spider mites.
Overall, by being aware of common diseases and pests and taking steps to prevent and manage them effectively, Smelowskia calycina can remain a healthy and beautiful addition to any garden or landscape.
