Overview
Sesamum triphyllum Welw. ex Asch. var. grandiflorum (Schinz) Merxm. is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Sesamum genus, which is native to Africa.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as Big-flowered Sesame or Large Flowered Sesame in English, and "Dele" or "Ridi" in various African languages.
Appearance
The plant generally reaches a height of about 1.5 m and has large flowers that are pink, white or purple in color. The leaves are simple, alternate, and have a smooth surface with an irregularly shaped blade. The stem and branches are also smooth and have a green coloration.
Uses
The seeds of Sesamum triphyllum Welw. ex Asch. var. grandiflorum (Schinz) Merxm. are commonly used in the production of sesame oil, which is used in cooking and the preparation of cosmetics. In addition to its seeds, the plant has several medicinal properties, including the treatment of inflammation, anxiety, and depression. Similarly, the stem and leaves of the plant have a high nutritional value and are consumed as a vegetable in various African countries.
Moreover, Sesamum triphyllum Welw. ex Asch. var. grandiflorum (Schinz) Merxm. has cultural significance in several African countries and is often used in traditional rituals.
Light Requirements
Sesamum triphyllum Welw. ex Asch. var. grandiflorum (Schinz) Merxm. is a plant that requires a lot of sunlight for optimal growth. It is recommended that this plant receives full sun exposure for at least six hours a day. If growing indoors, it is essential to ensure that it receives direct sunlight through a window or under artificial lights. Lack of enough sunlight may lead to stunted growth and reduced crop yield.
Temperature Requirements
The plant thrives in warm temperatures, with a temperature range of about 22 to 30 degrees Celsius. This plant has a higher resistance to heat and can endure high temperatures, but it cannot tolerate frost or extremely low temperatures. Therefore, if growing outdoors, it is essential to ensure it is placed in a location protected from frost, wind, and other extreme weather conditions.
Soil Requirements
Sesamum triphyllum Welw. ex Asch. var. grandiflorum (Schinz) Merxm. requires well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. The pH level of the soil should range between 6 and 7.5. The use of chemical fertilizers should be minimized, and instead, the soil should be amended with organic matter such as compost or well-rotted animal manure. Additionally, it is recommended to mulch the soil around the plant to help retain moisture and suppress weed growth.
Cultivation Methods
The Sesamum triphyllum Welw. ex Asch. var. grandiflorum (Schinz) Merxm. plant grows best in sunny areas, so it's best to plant them in a location where they will receive plenty of direct sunlight. The soil should be well-draining with a pH of around 6 or 7. Sow the seeds about 1/2 inch deep and 4 to 6 inches apart. After planting, water regularly until the seeds germinate in about 7 to 14 days.
Watering Needs
Sesamum triphyllum Welw. ex Asch. var. grandiflorum (Schinz) Merxm. plants require moderate watering. Water the plants once a week during the growing season, and reduce watering in the winter when growth slows down. Avoid overwatering as this can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.
Fertilization
Fertilize Sesamum triphyllum Welw. ex Asch. var. grandiflorum (Schinz) Merxm. plants twice a month with a balanced liquid fertilizer during the growing season. As the plant matures, reduce the fertilizer to once a month to avoid overfertilization. Overfertilization can lead to excessive foliage growth, but reduced flower production.
Pruning
The Sesamum triphyllum Welw. ex Asch. var. grandiflorum (Schinz) Merxm. plant does not require pruning. However, removing dead or damaged foliage will promote healthy growth. Removing dead or damaged foliage will also keep the plant looking attractive. Remove any spent flowers to encourage more blooming.
Propagation of Sesamum triphyllum Welw. ex Asch. var. grandiflorum (Schinz) Merxm.
Sesamum triphyllum Welw. ex Asch. var. grandiflorum (Schinz) Merxm. is propagated through seeds, stem cuttings, and root cuttings. The most common method is seed propagation.
Seed Propagation
The seeds of Sesamum triphyllum should be collected when the pods have turned brown. The seeds should then be soaked in water for 24 hours to soften the seed coat. After soaking, the seeds should be planted in a well-drained soil mixture and kept moist. Germination usually occurs within 10-14 days. It is important to thin out the seedlings to ensure proper spacing and growth.
Stem Cuttings
Sesamum triphyllum can be propagated using stem cuttings. The cuttings should be taken from the current year's growth and should be approximately 10-15 cm in length. The lower leaves should be removed and the cuttings should be planted in a well-drained soil mixture. The cuttings should be kept moist but not wet. Rooting should occur in approximately 4-6 weeks.
Root Cuttings
Root cuttings of Sesamum triphyllum can also be used for propagation. Roots should be dug up when the plant is dormant and cut into sections approximately 5-10 cm in length. The cuttings should be planted in a well-drained soil mixture and kept moist. Rooting should occur in approximately 4-6 weeks.
Disease and Pest Management for Sesamum triphyllum Welw. ex Asch. var. grandiflorum (Schinz) Merxm.
Sesamum triphyllum Welw. ex Asch. var. grandiflorum (Schinz) Merxm., commonly known as the wild sesame plant, is susceptible to various diseases and pests that can significantly impact its yield. Therefore, proper disease and pest management practices are critical to maintaining plant health and maximizing yields.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affect Sesamum triphyllum is leaf spot. Caused by the fungus Cercospora sesami, this disease first appears as small, circular spots on the leaves and then enlarges to cause browning and death of the leaves. Another disease that can affect Sesamum triphyllum is powdery mildew. This fungal disease appears as a white powdery coating on leaves, stems, and flowers.
For treatment and management of these diseases, it is essential to maintain proper hygiene by removing infected plant debris regularly. Additionally, using resistant varieties, regular monitoring, and applying fungicides can effectively manage these diseases.
Common Pests
Sesamum triphyllum is also susceptible to several pests that can reduce yields and even cause complete crop failure. One of the common pests of the wild sesame plant is the stem borer. The larvae of this moth bore into the stem, causing damage and weakening the plant. Another pest of Sesamum triphyllum is the aphid. These small insects suck the sap from leaves, causing yellowing, stunted growth, and premature leaf drop.
To manage these pests, it is essential to monitor the plants regularly and use appropriate insecticides. Additionally, intercropping with pest-repelling crops such as marigold and planting resistant varieties can also help manage pests.
Conclusion
Effective disease and pest management practices for Sesamum triphyllum are essential for plant health and yield maximization. Farmers must prioritize regular monitoring, maintaining proper hygiene, using resistant varieties, and applying insecticides and fungicides as per the recommended specifications.
