Origin and Common Names
Sesamum microcarpum Engl. is a species of flowering plant that is native to the southern part of Africa, specifically Angola, Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa. It is commonly known as the small-seeded sesame, small-fruited sesame, or wild sesame.Appearance
Sesamum microcarpum Engl. is an annual herb that typically grows up to 2 meters tall. The leaves are opposite, ovate, and about 5-11 cm long. The flowers are pink or purplish in color and are borne in axillary racemes, which are elongated clusters of flowers. The fruit is a capsule, which is small, cylindrical, and pointed at both ends. The capsules contain numerous small seeds that are about 1-1.5 mm in size.Uses
Sesamum microcarpum Engl. is used for both its seeds and oil. The seeds can be eaten raw or roasted and are commonly used as a source of oil, which has a nutty flavor and is used in various culinary dishes. The oil is also used in the production of cosmetics, soaps, and pharmaceuticals. In traditional medicine, the plant has been used as a remedy for various ailments such as diarrhea and fever. Overall, Sesamum microcarpum Engl. is an important plant species that has both economic and medicinal value.Light Requirements
Sesamum microcarpum Engl. requires full sunlight to thrive. It can tolerate partial shade, but will likely result in reduced growth and seed production. Therefore, it is best to plant the seeds in an open area that receives plenty of direct sunlight for optimal growth and development.
Temperature Requirements
This plant species grows in warmer climates, with an average temperature range of 20-35°C (68-95°F). It can tolerate temperatures higher than 35°C but growth may slow down and seeds may not mature properly. If temperatures drop below 10°C (50°F), the plant might die or show reduced growth. In the cooler areas, it is recommended to grow the species in greenhouses or use plant heating systems.
Soil Requirements
Sesamum microcarpum Engl. grows well in well-drained, fertile, and sandy loam soils with a pH level between 6.0 and 7.5. It does not tolerate waterlogging conditions, so soil with poor drainage should be avoided. Moreover, applying organic matter like manure and compost during soil preparation can enhance growth and yield, especially during the first year of planting.
Cultivation of Sesamum microcarpum Engl.
Sesamum microcarpum Engl. can be grown in a variety of soils, but it is best suited to well-drained sandy loam or clay loam soils. The pH level of the soil should be maintained within a range of 6.0 to 7.5 for optimal growth.
The best time to cultivate this plant is during the rainy season. The seeds should be sown at a depth of about 2-3 cm in rows that are spaced 60 cm apart. The recommended seed rate is approximately 3-4 kg per hectare. Once the seeds have been sown, they should be lightly covered with soil and then irrigated.
Watering Needs
Sesamum microcarpum Engl. requires regular watering to flourish. During the early stages of growth, the plant should be watered frequently to encourage root development. Once the plant is established, it requires approximately 2-3 cm of water per week.
The best time to water the plant is early in the morning or late in the afternoon. Irrigation should be done using a drip system or sprinklers to prevent waterlogging and to ensure that the water reaches the roots.
Fertilization
The use of organic fertilizers is highly recommended for Sesamum microcarpum Engl. The application of organic fertilizers helps to enhance soil fertility and improve plant growth. It is recommended that about 5-10 tonnes of well-rotted manure be applied per hectare before planting.
In addition to organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers can also be used. A total of 70-80 kg/ha of nitrogen, 35-40 kg/ha of phosphorus, and 35-40 kg/ha of potassium should be added during the planting stage. Nitrogenous fertilizers should be added at the early growth stages.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Sesamum microcarpum Engl. However, if the plant becomes too dense, it is recommended to thin it out by removing some of the excess foliage. This encourages airflow, reduces disease, and will improve the quality of the seeds.
Once the plants have reached maturity, the seed capsules can be harvested. It is important to wait until the seed capsules have dried on the plant before harvesting to ensure maximum yields and seed quality.
Propagation of Sesamum microcarpum Engl.
Sesamum microcarpum Engl. is a plant species that belongs to the Sesamum genus. This plant is commonly known as the small-seeded sesame plant. It is an annual herb that is natively found in East and Northeast Africa.
Propagation Methods
Sesamum microcarpum Engl. can be propagated through various methods. Some of these methods include:
Seed Propagation:
Seed propagation is the most common method of propagating Sesamum microcarpum Engl. Seeds of the plant should be collected from a healthy plant and stored in a dry and cool place. The seeds should be planted in well-drained soil with a pH of 6-7. The seeds should be sowed at a depth of 1.5 to 2 cm. The seeds will germinate within 7-14 days. After two weeks of germination, seedlings will appear, and they should be thinned to provide sufficient space for growth.
Cuttings Propagation:
Cuttings can also propagate Sesamum microcarpum Engl., although it is not a common method. The cutting should measure about 10 to 12 cm in length and be cut from a healthy plant. Remove the leaves from the lower part of the cuttings and dip the cutting's base in the rooting hormone. Plant the cuttings in seed trays, and once they have rooted, transplant them into the garden.
Division Propagation:
Division is another propagation method for Sesamum microcarpum Engl. This method is usually used to propagate large, mature plants. The plant is lifted out of the ground and divided into two or more plants using sharp and sterilized tools. Each division should have roots and sufficient shoots. Plant each division back into the same soil or in a different location on your property.
Propagation of Sesamum microcarpum Engl. can take place throughout the year, although spring is the ideal time to propagate seeds. With proper care, Sesamum microcarpum Engl. can grow into a beautiful and productive plant.
Disease and Pest Management for Sesamum Microcarpum Engl.
Sesamum microcarpum Engl., commonly known as tiny sesame, is a valuable crop that offers numerous health benefits. However, the plant is prone to diseases and pests that can significantly diminish its productivity. In this article, we'll discuss some of the common diseases and pests that affect Sesamum microcarpum Engl. and suggest ways to manage them.
Common Diseases in Sesamum Microcarpum Engl.
Several diseases can affect Sesamum microcarpum Engl. These include:
- Fusarium wilt: This is a fungal disease that causes wilting and yellowing of the plant's leaves. The infected plants eventually die. To manage Fusarium wilt, remove any infected plant and burn it. Avoid planting Sesamum microcarpum Engl. in the same area for at least two years.
- Alternaria leaf spot: This is a fungal disease that causes brown spots on the leaves of Sesamum microcarpum Engl. plants. In severe cases, the leaves may turn brown and fall off. To manage Alternaria leaf spot, remove any infected leaves and spray with a copper-based fungicide.
- Rhizoctonia root rot: This is a soil-borne fungal disease that causes the roots of Sesamum microcarpum Engl. plant to rot. The infected plant may exhibit stunted growth or die. To manage Rhizoctonia root rot, plant Sesamum microcarpum Engl. in well-draining soil and avoid overwatering.
Common Pests in Sesamum Microcarpum Engl.
Several pests can affect Sesamum microcarpum Engl. These include:
- Leaf roller: This is a caterpillar that feeds on Sesamum microcarpum Engl.'s leaves, causing them to roll up. To manage leaf rollers, remove and destroy any infected leaves and spray with a Bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticide.
- Aphids: These small insects suck sap from Sesamum microcarpum Engl.'s leaves, causing them to yellow and die. To manage aphids, spray with a soap-and-water solution or a neem-based insecticide.
- Whiteflies: These are small, white flies that feed on Sesamum microcarpum Engl.'s leaves and excrete a sticky substance known as honeydew. The honeydew attracts ants and can lead to the growth of black sooty mold. To manage whiteflies, introduce natural predators such as ladybugs or lacewings and spray with an insecticidal soap.
By implementing these disease and pest management practices, you can ensure a healthy and productive Sesamum microcarpum Engl. crop.
