Origin and Common Names
Senecio refractisquamatus De Wild. var. intermedia (Hauman) Robyns is a species of plant native to South America, specifically to the countries of Bolivia and Argentina. The plant is commonly known as "Vallea stipularis" or "Hierba del Pasmo" in Bolivia, and "Curtidor" in Argentina.General Appearance
Senecio refractisquamatus De Wild. var. intermedia (Hauman) Robyns is a perennial herb that can grow up to 1.5 meters tall. The leaves are alternate, oval-shaped, and have toothed edges. The plant's flowers are yellow and form a cluster at the end of the stem. The seeds are small, brown, and have a white, feathery pappus.Uses
Senecio refractisquamatus De Wild. var. intermedia (Hauman) Robyns is used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory problems such as coughs, asthma, and bronchitis. It is also used as an anti-inflammatory and to alleviate pain. In addition, the plant has been used as a natural dye for fabrics, producing a yellow color. However, it should be noted that the plant contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which can be toxic when consumed in large amounts.Growth conditions of Senecio refractisquamatus
Senecio refractisquamatus var. intermedia is a native plant of Africa, more specifically, it's found in Madagascar and southern Africa. The plant is known for its succulent leaves, which are green-gray and measure up to 15 cm long by 2.5 cm in width.
Light conditions
The plant is known to do well in areas with bright light, but it should not be exposed to direct sunlight. Direct sunlight can cause the plant's leaves to turn yellow and can also cause it to become dehydrated. If you plan on growing this plant indoors, it's best to put it near a window that allows for bright, indirect sunlight.
Temperature requirements
The plant thrives in temperatures that range between 18 and 24 degrees Celsius. Temperatures higher than this could cause the leaves to become scorched and withered. During winter, it is best to keep the temperature between 13 and 15 degrees Celsius.
Soil requirements
The plant grows well in well-draining soil that is slightly acidic. A pH range of 6.0 to 6.5 is ideal for this plant. The soil should be moist, but not waterlogged, as too much water can cause root rot. It's best to use a mixture of sand, peat moss, and soil to plant the Senecio refractisquamatus var. intermedia.
Cultivation Methods
Senecio refractisquamatus De Wild. var. intermedia (Hauman) Robyns can be grown both indoors and outdoors. For indoor cultivation, you should provide it with ample light. You can place it near an east-facing window for optimum sunlight during the morning hours. It requires well-draining soil and should be replanted every two years to replenish the soil nutrients. Outdoor cultivation requires full sun exposure and well-draining soil with a pH of 6 to 7.5.
Watering Needs
Watering should be done once a week, ensuring that the soil is well-drained. Irrigation should be increased during hot weather when rainfall is insufficient. It should be noted that overwatering leads to root decay and fungal infection.
Fertilization
Careful fertilization is necessary to ensure the plant has enough nutrients for good growth. Fertilizing once a month with an all-purpose fertilizer after watering is recommended. You can also add organic matter to the soil at the beginning of the growing season.
Pruning
Pruning Senecio refractisquamatus De Wild. var. intermedia (Hauman) Robyns involves removing the yellow, dead, or diseased leaves and cutting any excessively elongated branches. This should be done using sharp, clean pruning shears to prevent any damage to the plant. The best time to prune is during spring after the winter dormancy period.
Propagation of Senecio refractisquamatus De Wild. var. intermedia (Hauman) Robyns
Senecio refractisquamatus De Wild. var. intermedia (Hauman) Robyns can be propagated through seed, cuttings, and division.
Propagation through Seed
Seeds can be obtained from mature flowers of the plant. Collect the seeds when the flowers turn brown and start drying. Then remove the seeds from the ovary and dry them for a few days. After that, sow the seeds in well-draining soil and keep it moist. The germination period varies from 7-14 days depending on the temperature and growing conditions. Once the plants have developed a few leaves, transplant them into separate pots.
Propagation through Cuttings
The stem cuttings of Senecio refractisquamatus De Wild. var. intermedia can be taken during the growing season. Cut a healthy stem of about 10 cm in length and remove the lower leaves. Dip the cuttings in a rooting hormone and plant them in well-draining soil. Water the soil and cover the container with a plastic bag to maintain humidity. Keep the cuttings in a bright spot with indirect sunlight. The roots will start forming in 2-4 weeks, and after that, the plastic bag can be removed.
Propagation through Division
Senecio refractisquamatus De Wild. var. intermedia can also be propagated through division. In spring, divide the plant at the root level into multiple pieces, ensuring each piece has a sufficient amount of roots and foliage. Then pat down the soil and water it generously. Now each division can be planted in separate containers and cared for as individual plants.
Disease Management
Senecio refractisquamatus De Wild. var. intermedia (Hauman) Robyns can fall prey to various diseases that adversely affect its growth and development. Here are some of the most common diseases that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that manifests in the form of a white, powdery substance on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. It can cause the plant to wither and eventually die. To manage powdery mildew, you can use a fungicide or a homemade solution of baking soda and water, or neem oil extract. Ensure you spray the solution on both sides of the leaves. Also, maintain good ventilation in the growing area to minimize the spread of the disease.
Leaf Spot
Leaf spot is a common bacterial disease that causes brown spots on leaves that eventually turn black. It can also affect the stems, causing the plant to become weak and eventually die. To manage leaf spot, remove and dispose of the affected plant parts and any debris on the ground, to prevent the spread of the disease. Also, minimize the moisture on the leaves and ensure good air circulation. You can apply a copper-based fungicide to reduce the severity of the infection.
Pest Management
Senecio refractisquamatus De Wild. var. intermedia (Hauman) Robyns can also be affected by various pests that can damage the plant. Here are some common pests the plant might encounter, and ways to manage them:
Spider Mites
Spider mites thrive in warm and dry conditions and cause damage to the leaves by piercing them and feeding on their sap, leading to yellowing and falling of the leaves. To control spider mites, you can use neem oil or insecticidal soap to eliminate them. Also, ensure that you maintain adequate moisture in the growing area by regularly misting the leaves and avoid over-fertilizing the plant.
Mealybugs
Mealybugs are soft-bodied insects that attach themselves to the plant, feeding on their sap by piercing the stems and leaves, leading to stunted growth and sometimes death. To control the infestation of mealybugs, you can physically remove them using a spray bottle filled with isopropyl alcohol or apply a neem oil solution. Also, minimize the use of nitrogen-rich fertilizers and avoid overcrowding the plants to reduce the risk of infestation.
