Overview
Selaginella tamariscina, commonly known as Spike Selaginella, is a fern-like evergreen plant that belongs to the family Selaginellaceae. It is native to China and can be found growing in moist and shady places such as forests, along rivers, and on rocks. The plant is highly valued for its medicinal properties and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Appearance
The Selaginella tamariscina plant is a low-growing, creeping herb that usually grows up to 20-30 cm in height. It has a rhizomatous stem that bears linear, scale-like leaves that are arranged in a spiral pattern. The leaves are glossy and green, about 1-1.5 cm long, and have a pointed tip. The plant produces spores in small yellowish-brown, cone-like structures called strobili at the end of the stems.
Common Names
The Selaginella tamariscina plant is known by several common names such as Spike moss, Shen Jin Cao, San-Jin-Cao, and Miracle Grass. Spike moss refers to the appearance of the plant's needle-like leaves which resemble spikes. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is known as Shen Jin Cao or San-Jin-Cao, which translates to “miracle grass” due to its healing properties.
Uses
The Selaginella tamariscina plant is highly valued for its medicinal properties and is an important herb in traditional Chinese medicine. It is believed to have the ability to promote blood circulation, reduce inflammation, and relieve pain. It is also used to treat various health conditions such as bruises, fractures, and rheumatism. In addition, the plant has antioxidant properties and can help to protect against oxidative stress and cellular damage. The plant is also used as an ornamental plant in gardens and terrariums due to its attractive foliage and low maintenance requirements.
Light Requirements
Selaginella tamariscina is an indoor plant that thrives in bright but indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch its leaves, so it is best to place it near a window with a sheer curtain or in a partially shaded outdoor area.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Selaginella tamariscina is between 60-80°F (16-27°C). It can tolerate cooler temperatures but is sensitive to sudden drops in temperature. Avoid placing the plant in drafty areas or too close to air conditioning units.
Soil Requirements
Selaginella tamariscina prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. A blend of peat moss, perlite, and sand is an excellent choice. The plant's soil should remain moist but not waterlogged.
Fertilizer Requirements
It is best to fertilize Selaginella tamariscina sparingly, at a rate of once every two to three months. Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half its recommended strength. Avoid fertilizing the plant in the winter when it is dormant.
Humidity Requirements
Selaginella tamariscina thrives in humid conditions. If the air in your home is dry, place a humidifier nearby or mist the plant's foliage regularly. This will help to prevent the tips of the leaves from browning.
Cultivation Methods:
Selaginella tamariscina is a low-maintenance plant that thrives well in partial to full shade. It requires well-drained soil, preferably one with a pH range between 6.0 and 7.5. You can propagate it through stem cuttings or spores. When planting, ensure the soil is moist, and the plant is well-watered. After planting, cover the soil with a layer of mulch to maintain moisture levels and prevent weed growth.
Watering Needs:
Selaginella tamariscina does not require a lot of water frequently, but it does prefer moist soil. Its watering needs will vary depending on the season and the environment in which it is cultivated. During the growing season, water consistently, but ensure the soil is not waterlogged. You can opt for bottom watering as it provides adequate moisture without saturating the soil.
Fertilization:
You can fertilize Selaginella tamariscina every two weeks, either using a liquid fertilizer or an organic one. Avoid using fertilizer during the winter months as the plant is dormant during this period. Fertilizing will encourage healthy growth and boost the plant's resilience to pests and diseases.
Pruning:
Selaginella tamariscina doesn't require a lot of pruning, but it benefits from occasional tidbits. Pruning will help shape the plant and control its growth. You can trim any dead or yellowing leaves, and cut back any overgrown branches. Prune the plant right before the growing season as this will promote new growth. Avoid pruning it during dormancy as it could lead to stress.
Propagation of Selaginella tamariscina
Selaginella tamariscina can be propagated by several methods, including spores, division, and stem cuttings.
Propagation by spores
The most common method of propagation for Selaginella tamariscina is by spores. Spores are found on the tips of the fronds and should be collected when they turn brown. The spores should be spread over moistened soil and kept warm and humid. Germination can take several weeks, and once the spores have grown into small plants, they can be potted on and treated as mature plants.
Propagation by division
Selaginella tamariscina can also be propagated by dividing mature plants. To do this, the plant should be carefully removed from its pot and the root ball separated into smaller sections. Each section should have some fronds and roots attached. The new plants can then be potted in fresh soil with good drainage.
Propagation by stem cuttings
Stem cuttings can also be used to propagate Selaginella tamariscina. Select healthy, mature stems with plenty of foliage and cut them into 2-3 inch pieces. Remove the lower leaves to leave just a few at the top, and dip the cuttings in rooting hormone. The cuttings should be placed in moist soil and kept warm and humid until they start to root. The new plants can then be potted up in fresh soil.
It's worth noting that Selaginella tamariscina can be a slow-growing plant, and propagating it can take time and patience. However, once established, it's a hardy and attractive addition to any indoor or outdoor space.
Disease and Pest Management for Selaginella Tamariscina
Selaginella tamariscina, commonly known as spikemoss, is a resilient plant that can withstand a range of growing conditions. However, like any other plant, it is susceptible to diseases and pests that affect its growth and health. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect Selaginella tamariscina and how to manage them.
Diseases
Root Rot: Root rot is a fungal disease that affects the root system of Selaginella tamariscina. Symptoms include yellowing of leaves and stunted growth. To manage root rot, avoid overwatering the plant and ensure proper drainage. Remove the affected plant and soil, and replace with fresh soil.
Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes yellow or brown spots on the leaves of Selaginella tamariscina. To manage leaf spot, remove infected leaves and avoid overhead watering. Apply a fungicide to the plant to prevent further infection.
Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that causes a white, powdery coating on the leaves and stems of Selaginella tamariscina. To manage powdery mildew, increase air circulation around the plant and avoid getting water on the leaves. Apply a fungicide to the plant as needed.
Pests
Spider Mites: Spider mites are small pests that feed on the leaves of Selaginella tamariscina. Symptoms of infestation include yellowing of leaves and webbing on the plant. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with insecticidal soap and increase humidity levels around the plant.
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on the sap of Selaginella tamariscina. Symptoms of infestation include a white, cottony substance on the plant. To manage mealybugs, remove infected leaves and stems and spray the plant with insecticidal soap.
Scale Insects: Scale insects are small, immobile insects that attach themselves to the stems and leaves of Selaginella tamariscina. Symptoms of infestation include yellowing of leaves and sticky residue on the plant. To manage scale insects, remove infected leaves and stems and spray the plant with insecticidal soap.
By being vigilant and taking proactive measures to manage diseases and pests, you can ensure that your Selaginella tamariscina grows healthy and strong.
