Overview
Selaginella plumosa (L.) K. Presl is a species of fern plant commonly known as Feathered Selaginella or Plumed Spike-moss. It belongs to the family Selaginellaceae, and it is a small and delicate plant that is popular among gardeners and plant enthusiasts.
Appearance
The plant has small, needle-like leaves that grow in a dense arrangement along its stems. Its leaves are typically green, but they can also develop a slight yellow hue under certain growing conditions. The plant's stems are thin and wiry and can grow up to 15 centimeters in length, making it ideal for terrariums or miniature gardens.
Origin
Selaginella plumosa is native to tropical and subtropical regions of North, Central, and South America. It can be found in various habitats, such as rainforests, moist forests, and rocky areas. The plant grows naturally in areas with high humidity levels and moderate to high amounts of rainfall.
Common Names
Aside from Feathered Selaginella and Plumed Spike-moss, Selaginella plumosa has other common names depending on the region. In Mexico, it is called "Cola de Zorra" or "Fox Tail," while in Brazil, it is known as "Pena-de-Anjo" or "Angel's Feather." Some other common names for the plant include Moss Fern, Resurrection Plant, and Spike-moss.
Uses
Selaginella plumosa is primarily grown as an ornamental plant due to its delicate and elegant appearance. It is suitable for miniature gardens, indoor planters, terrariums, and as a groundcover in outdoor gardens. The plant is also known to have medicinal properties and has been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as kidney problems, diarrhea, and dysentery. Additionally, its leaves can be used to make tea, which is believed to have diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects.
Light Requirements
Selaginella plumosa requires bright but indirect light. The plant prefers places that are evenly lit for most of the day, but direct sunlight should be avoided. Too much direct sunlight can scorch the leaves. Areas with filtered light or partial shade are best for this plant.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers a temperature range of between 60°F-75°F (15°C-24°C). Areas with cooler temperatures should be avoided as these can lead to the growth of fungi or mold. Although the plant can tolerate some degree of temperature variation, sudden temperature changes can harm it. It is important to avoid keeping the plant near draughts or in areas of fluctuating temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Selaginella plumosa prefers well-draining soils that have some moisture-retaining ability. Soil mixes containing peat moss, perlite, and sand can be used. The mixture must be porous enough to allow for proper aeration, drain well, and retain just enough moisture. The pH range should be between slightly acidic of 6.0-6.5.
Cultivation methods
Selaginella plumosa is commonly known as the "creeping moss" due to its growth habit. It is a low-growing plant that is suitable for cultivation indoors or in a terrarium. The plant prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It can also be grown in a soilless potting mix that is moist but not waterlogged.
The plant requires bright but indirect light to thrive. It can tolerate some degree of shade and therefore is well-suited for growing indoors. It is also important to maintain a relatively stable temperature and humidity level, as fluctuations can impact the growth of the plant.
Watering needs
Selaginella plumosa prefers to be kept moist at all times. However, it is essential to avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot. The frequency of watering depends on the environmental conditions, such as the humidity level and the temperature. In general, it is advisable to water the plant once a week or when the soil surface feels dry to the touch.
It is also essential to use water that is at room temperature and without any chemicals, such as chlorine, that can harm the plant's delicate roots.
Fertilization
While Selaginella plumosa is not a heavy feeder, it can benefit from occasional fertilization. The plant requires a balanced fertilizer that is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. It is advisable to dilute the fertilizer to half strength and apply it once every month during the growing season.
Pruning
Selaginella plumosa requires minimal pruning, as it rarely grows taller than a few inches. However, it is advisable to trim the dead or brown leaves to maintain the plant's appearance and prevent the spreading of disease. It is also essential to remove any debris or fallen leaves from the soil surface to avoid the growth of mold or fungal infections.
If the plant becomes too dense, it is also possible to trim the tips of the stems to promote branching and rejuvenate its growth.
Propagation of Selaginella Plumosa
Selaginella plumosa, commonly known as the golden clubmoss, is a creeping plant with delicate, feathery fronds that can add a touch of elegance to any garden or indoor space. The plant is native to Central and South America, and propagating it is relatively easy.
Propagation Methods
Selaginella plumosa can be propagated through spores, stem cuttings or division.
Spores: Propagation from spores is the most natural method. Spores can be harvested from mature fronds, which have a brownish color. Collect the spores by placing the mature fronds in a paper bag and shaking it. Spread the spores on the surface of moist soil in a container and keep it moist. Cover the container with a plastic lid or bag to create a humid environment and allow the spores to germinate. The spores should start to sprout in two to four weeks.
Stem cuttings: Stem cuttings can be taken from healthy stems that have grown at least five to six inches and have a few leaves. Cut the stem below the node and remove the lower leaves, leaving only a few leaves at the top. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant it in a well-draining potting mix. Water it well and keep it in a warm, humid location with bright, indirect light. Keep the soil moist and the cutting should root in four to six weeks.
Division: Selaginella plumosa can be divided easily if the parent plant is growing well and has several stems. Carefully dig out the plant and separate it into smaller plants, leaving some roots attached to each division. Plant each division in a well-draining potting mix and water it well. Keep the plants in a warm, humid location with bright, indirect light. Keep the soil moist, and the plant will start to grow new fronds in a few weeks.
Propagation of Selaginella plumosa is an easy and rewarding process. Follow the appropriate guidelines, and you will soon have new plants to add to your collection.
Disease and Pest Management for Selaginella plumosa (L.) K. Presl
While Selaginella plumosa (L.) K. Presl is generally resistant to disease and pest problems, certain issues may arise. Here are some of the most common pests and diseases that can affect this plant, along with tips on how to manage them:
Pests
Spider Mites: Spider mites are a common problem for Selaginella plumosa. These tiny pests can be hard to detect, but signs of their presence include webbing and browning of the foliage. To manage spider mites, wash the plant with water or use an insecticidal soap. You can also increase humidity around the plant to discourage spider mites from taking hold.
Scale Insects: Scale insects are another common pest for Selaginella plumosa. These insects are small, oval-shaped bugs that attach themselves to the leaves and stems of the plant. They may look like small bumps on the plant and can cause yellowing and curling of the leaves. To manage scale insects, remove them with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol or use a horticultural oil spray.
Diseases
Root Rot: Root rot is a disease that can affect Selaginella plumosa if the soil is consistently too wet. Signs of root rot include wilting, yellowing leaves and a foul odor. To manage root rot, improve drainage around the plant and avoid overwatering.
Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is a fungal disease that can cause black or brown spots on the leaves of Selaginella plumosa. To manage leaf spot, remove any infected leaves and improve air circulation around the plant. You can also use a fungicide if the problem persists.
By monitoring your Selaginella plumosa regularly and taking steps to manage pests and diseases as they arise, you can help ensure that this beautiful plant remains healthy and strong.
