Selaginella Arbuscula (kaulfuss) Spring - Dwarf Spikemoss

Overview

Selaginella arbuscula (Kaulfuss) Spring is a species of non-flowering plants belonging to the family Selaginellaceae. It is commonly known as Dwarf Spikemoss or Southern Spikemoss, and it is native to the southeastern United States and Mexico.

Description

Selaginella arbuscula is a small and delicate plant that grows up to 15 cm tall. It has thin and wiry stems with a creeping habit. The leaves are arranged in two rows on either side of the stem and are about 0.5 cm long and 0.1 cm wide. The leaves are bright green and have a needle-like appearance. Selaginella arbuscula reproduces through spores that are produced on small, cone-like structures called strobili.

Uses

Selaginella arbuscula is often used as an ornamental plant in terrariums and as a ground cover in shady gardens. It is also used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, such as kidney stones and respiratory problems.

Appearance

Selaginella arbuscula is a cute, petite, and delicate plant with thin wiry stems. It features rows of needle-like bright green leaves that create a feathery and lush appearance. This plant is often grown in terrariums or as a ground cover in shady areas. Its tiny size makes it easy to grow in small pots, hanging baskets, or miniature gardens.

Light Requirements

Selaginella arbuscula prefers bright to indirect sunlight. It cannot tolerate direct sunlight, as it may cause its leaves to scorch. It thrives well in partially shaded areas, such as under trees or in the shade of larger plants.

Temperature Requirements

The ideal temperature range for Selaginella arbuscula is between 65°F and 75°F (18°C – 24°C). It cannot tolerate temperatures below 50°F or above 85°F (10°C – 29°C), as it may cause stress or damage its foliage. It grows well in a climate-controlled environment, but it can also adapt to moderate heat and cold outdoors.

Soil Requirements

Selaginella arbuscula prefers well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. It grows well in moist, but not waterlogged soil. The pH of the soil should range from slightly acidic to neutral, between 5.5 and 7.5. A good mix of peat moss, perlite, and sand is appropriate for its growth. The soil should be kept moist at all times but not completely soaked to avoid root rot.

Cultivation Methods

Selaginella arbuscula, also known as the northern clubmoss, is a relatively easy plant to cultivate. It can be propagated by spores or division of existing plants. The plant thrives in well-drained soil with a neutral to slightly acidic pH level. It grows well in filtered sunlight or shady areas with high humidity levels.

Watering Needs

Selaginella arbuscula requires consistent moisture, so it is important to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. The plant should be watered regularly, especially during warm and dry periods. Avoid watering the plant excessively, as this can lead to root rot.

Fertilization

The plant does not require frequent fertilization, but a balanced, slow-release fertilizer can be applied during the growing season to encourage healthy growth. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and not to over-fertilize, as this can damage the plant's roots.

Pruning

Selaginella arbuscula does not require frequent pruning, but it can be trimmed to maintain its shape. Pruning can also help to improve the plant's density and promote new growth. Use clean, sharp pruning shears and remove any yellow or damaged fronds. Avoid cutting into the plant's stems or main fronds, as this can cause damage or death to the plant.

Propagation of Selaginella arbuscula

Selaginella arbuscula, also known as the arborescent spike-moss, is a fern ally that belongs to the family Selaginellaceae. It is a low-growing, trailing plant that is often used in terrariums and as a groundcover in shaded areas. Propagation of Selaginella arbuscula can be achieved through spores and stem cuttings.

Propagation through spores

Propagation through spores is the most common method for propagating Selaginella arbuscula. The following are the steps to propagate Selaginella arbuscula through spores:

1. Locate mature and healthy Selaginella arbuscula plants that bear sporangia.
2. Cut the fronds bearing the sporangia and place them in a paper bag.
3. Allow the sporangia to dry in the bag for a few days. The sporangia will open and release the spores.
4. Fill a shallow tray with moist peat moss or sphagnum moss and sprinkle the spores on the surface.
5. Cover the tray with plastic wrap to maintain humidity and keep the tray in a shaded area with a temperature of around 70-75°F.
6. The spores will take about 3-4 weeks to germinate. Once the spores have germinated, remove the plastic wrap and move the tray to an area with bright light but no direct sunlight.
7. After 6-8 weeks, the Selaginella arbuscula plants will be large enough to transplant into individual pots.

Propagation through stem cuttings

Propagation through stem cuttings is another method for propagating Selaginella arbuscula. The following are the steps to propagate Selaginella arbuscula through stem cuttings:

1. Select a healthy Selaginella arbuscula plant and locate a stem that is at least 3 inches long.
2. Using a sharp and sterile knife or scissors, cut the stem at a 45-degree angle below a node.
3. Remove the leaves from the lower 1-2 inches of the stem to expose the nodes.
4. Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone.
5. Fill a small pot with moist peat moss or sphagnum moss and make a hole in the center with a pencil.
6. Insert the stem cutting into the hole in the pot and firm the peat moss or sphagnum moss around the stem.
7. Cover the pot with plastic wrap to maintain humidity and keep the pot in a shaded area with a temperature of around 70-75°F.
8. The stem cutting will take about 4-6 weeks to root. Once the stem has rooted, remove the plastic wrap and move the pot to an area with bright light but no direct sunlight.
9. After 6-8 weeks, the Selaginella arbuscula plant will be large enough to transplant into a larger pot or to the desired location.

Disease and Pest Management for Selaginella arbuscula

Selaginella arbuscula is a small and delicate plant that requires extra care to maintain its health. Here, we will discuss some of the common diseases and pests that might affect this plant and the ways to manage them.

Common Diseases

One of the common diseases that Selaginella arbuscula may face is scale infestation. Scale insects feed on the plant's sap, causing the foliage to turn yellow and wilt. They are usually found on the underside of the leaves or along the stems. Scale can be managed by pruning the infested areas or by using insecticidal soap or horticultural oil.

Another disease that may affect Selaginella arbuscula is leaf spot. Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes the leaves to develop yellowish or brownish spots. The infected leaves may fall off, and the plant's growth may be stunted. Leaf spot can be prevented by avoiding overwatering the plant and improving air circulation around it. Fungicides can also be used to manage leaf spot.

Common Pests

Aphids are one of the common pests that may infest Selaginella arbuscula. These insects feed on the plant's sap, causing the leaves to curl and turn yellow. Aphids can be managed by using a strong stream of water to wash them away or by using insecticidal soap or horticultural oil.

Spider mites are also a common pest that may infest Selaginella arbuscula, especially in dry conditions. These tiny pests feed on the leaves, causing them to develop a stippled appearance. Spider mites can be managed by increasing humidity around the plant, spraying the leaves with water, or using insecticidal soap or horticultural oil.

Conclusion

By taking proper care and monitoring Selaginella arbuscula regularly, it is possible to avoid or manage the common diseases and pests that may affect this plant. Early detection and prompt action are the keys to keep this plant healthy and flourishing.