Introduction
Securigera varia, also known as Coronilla varia, is a perennial flowering plant belonging to the pea family (Fabaceae). It is native to Europe, but has been widely naturalized in other parts of the world, including North America, southern Africa, and Australia. The plant is commonly grown as an ornamental in gardens and parks due to its attractive flowers and hardiness.
Description
The plant has a creeping habit, spreading from a central taproot. It can grow up to 1 meter tall and has stem that are hairy and spread in a zigzag pattern. The leaves are grey-green, composed of 3 leaflets and finely toothed along the edges. The plant has small, fragrant yellow flowers that bloom from May to August. The flowers are clustered in spikes comprising of 10-30 individual flowers. The fruit of the plant is a small brown pod that contains 2-6 seeds.
Common Names
Securigera varia is known by several common names, including Crown vetch, Purple crown vetch, Axseed, Coronilla, and Methly.
Uses
Securigera varia is used for a variety of purposes. It is commonly used for erosion control due to its vigorous growth and ability to spread rapidly. The plant also has nitrogen-fixing abilities, making it useful for soil improvement. In addition, the plant is used as a forage crop for livestock. Its leaves and stems can be used as a nutritious supplement for cattle, sheep, and goats. The plant is also used in traditional medicine for its antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used to treat respiratory ailments, skin conditions, and digestive issues.
In conclusion, Securigera varia is a perennial flowering plant that is widely distributed across the world today. It has a creeping habit and attractive flowers, making it popular as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks. Additionally, it has several practical uses, including erosion control, soil improvement, forage crop, and medicinal purposes.
Light Requirements
Securigera varia requires full sunlight to thrive. It can tolerate partial shade, but its growth may be stunted and its flowering may be reduced in such conditions. It is best to place the plant in an open, well-lit location for optimal growth.
Temperature Requirements
Securigera varia is a hardy plant that can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It can withstand temperatures as low as -25°C (-13°F) in winter and as high as 35°C (95°F) in summer. However, it prefers temperatures between 18°C (64°F) and 25°C (77°F) during the growing season for optimal growth.
Soil Requirements
Securigera varia can grow in a variety of soils, but it prefers well-drained, loamy soil with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH (around 7.0-7.5). It can also tolerate slightly acidic soils (pH 6.0-6.5) but may show reduced growth and flowering in such conditions. The plant can grow in soils with low to medium fertility levels. However, adding organic matter to the soil can increase its fertility and improve plant growth.
Cultivation Methods for Securigera Varia
Securigera varia, also known as Crownvetch, is relatively easy to grow and cultivate. The plant thrives in full sunlight and well-draining soil. It can adapt to different soils, but it does best in mildly acidic to slightly alkaline soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5. It is also important to note that this plant may become invasive, so it should be grown with caution, especially in natural areas.
Watering Needs for Securigera Varia
The watering requirements for Securigera varia are minimal as this plant is drought-tolerant once established. It only needs regular watering during the first growing season, as it is establishing its root system. After that, occasional watering, especially during long dry spells, is enough to keep it healthy.
Fertilization of Securigera Varia
Securigera varia does not require a lot of fertilization since it can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere through its root nodules. However, adding a slow-release 10-10-10 fertilizer during the initial stages of planting can help boost plant growth and development. It is essential not to over-fertilize as this can lead to an increase in vegetative growth, which can hamper flowering and the overall health of the plant.
Pruning of Securigera Varia
Pruning of Securigera varia is not necessary. The plant grows naturally with a loose, grass-like habit. However, the removal of spent flower spikes after blooming can improve its appearance. If the plant begins to spread too aggressively, it is best to control it through mowing or hand weeding. It is important to ensure that seed pods are not allowed to form and spread, as this is one of the ways the plant spreads.
Propagation of Securigera varia
Securigera varia, commonly known as Crown Vetch, can be propagated by seeds or vegetatively through root cuttings.
Seed propagation
The seeds of Securigera varia are small, ovoid, and light brown in color. They can be collected when the seedpods turn brown and start to open. The seeds should be sown in autumn or spring, either directly in the ground or in pots. The soil should be well-draining, and the seeds should be covered lightly with soil. Germination can take between 10 days to two weeks.
Vegetative propagation
Root cuttings are a reliable method of propagating Securigera varia. The cuttings are usually taken in late autumn or early winter when the plant is dormant. The root cuttings should be around 7-10 cm long and approximately the thickness of a pencil. The cuttings should be planted horizontally in a well-draining soil mix and kept in a cool, shaded area until they start to produce new shoots, which usually takes several weeks.
Disease Management
There are several common diseases that can affect Securigera varia, including:
- Anthracnose: This fungal disease causes leaf spots, stem cankers, and defoliation. It can be managed by pruning infected areas, removing fallen leaves and debris, and using fungicides.
- Powdery mildew: This fungal disease causes a white, powdery growth on leaves, stems, and flowers. It can be managed by improving air circulation around the plant, removing infected plant parts, and using fungicides.
- Root rot: This fungal disease is caused by waterlogged soil and can cause wilting, yellowing, and eventual death of the plant. It can be managed by improving soil drainage, avoiding overwatering, and using fungicides.
Pest Management
Securigera varia can also be affected by various pests, such as:
- Aphids: These small insects suck sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and distorted leaves. They can be managed by spraying the plant with water or insecticidal soap, or by introducing natural predators such as ladybugs.
- Spider mites: These tiny pests also suck sap from the plant, causing yellowing and eventual death of leaves. They can be managed by spraying the plant with water or insecticidal soap, or by introducing natural predators such as predatory mites.
- Slugs and snails: These pests can chew on the plant leaves, causing holes and damage. They can be managed by handpicking them from the plant, using traps, or using baits.
Regular inspection and monitoring of the plant can also help prevent and manage diseases and pests.
