General Appearance
Scurrula oleifolia, also known as the large leafed mistletoe, is a parasitic plant that belongs to the Loranthaceae family. This plant usually grows up to 60 cm in length with stems that have a diameter of about 2-4 mm. The leaves are oblong to linear, smooth, and shiny with a size of about 4-14 cm long and 0.8-1.8 cm wide. The flowers are typically yellow, and the fruit is a berry that is usually 4-6 mm in diameter with a whitish color.
Origin and Common Names
Scurrula oleifolia is commonly found in the lowland forests of Southeast Asia, including Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Indonesia. It often grows as a parasite on a wide range of trees such as Palaquium, Durio, and Shorea. In Malaysia, this plant is also known as 'Pokok Tanduk Rusa', while in Thailand, it is called 'Krakhoo Lueat'.
Uses
Traditionally, various parts of Scurrula oleifolia have been used to treat different ailments. The bark has been utilized to relieve toothache, and the juice obtained from the plant has been used to treat itchiness and scabies. In some cultures, the extracts of this plant are used to treat cancer, and it is also believed to have antimalarial properties. The plant has also been known to have been used for ceremonial purposes in some Southeast Asian cultures.
Light Requirements
Scurrula oleifolia requires moderate to high light conditions for optimal growth. It is typically found growing as an epiphyte on the branches and trunks of hardwood trees in the forest canopy. It can also grow in partial sunlight in less dense forested areas. However, it may not thrive in full sun conditions.
Temperature Conditions
The ideal temperature range for Scurrula oleifolia is between 20-30°C (68-86°F). It can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures but may not survive prolonged exposure to temperatures below 10°C (50°F). Higher temperatures above 35°C (95°F) may also be detrimental to the growth of this plant.
Soil Requirements
As an epiphytic plant, Scurrula oleifolia does not require soil for growth. Instead, it obtains its nutrients from its host plant and the surrounding environment. However, it can be grown in a soilless medium, such as a mixture of coconut coir and perlite or vermiculite, to facilitate cultivation. The growing medium should be well-draining and high in organic matter to mimic the natural growth conditions of this plant.
Cultivation of Scurrula oleifolia
Scurrula oleifolia (J.C.Wendl.) G.Don is a parasitic plant that grows on other trees. To cultivate this plant, one needs to have a host tree. The host tree should be healthy, preferably an Avocado or Mango tree as this plant is known to grow well on them. Farmers and gardeners looking to cultivate this plant can purchase young plants from a certified nursery. After acquiring one, plant it at the base of the fruit tree to allow it to attach itself to the host tree.
Watering needs of Scurrula oleifolia
This parasitic plant gets its water and nutrients from the host tree. Therefore, there is no need to water it directly. However, it is essential to ensure the host tree gets enough water for it to remain healthy, which, in turn, will help the Scurrula oleifolia plant grow well. If rainfall is inadequate, farmers and gardeners can supplement by watering the host tree.
Fertilization of Scurrula oleifolia
Scurrula oleifolia gets its nutrients from the host tree through parasitism. As such, it does not require any fertilization. The host tree, on the other hand, needs to get the right nutrients and minerals for it to remain healthy and support the parasitic plant. Nitrogen-rich fertilizers are not recommended as they can promote the growth of the plant's host and weaken the Scurrula oleifolia's growth.
Pruning of Scurrula oleifolia
Scurrula oleifolia does not require pruning as it grows through parasitism. However, it is necessary to prune the host tree as needed, to increase its productivity and health. Pruning ensures that the host tree does not become too large and can support the parasitic plant without any strain.
Propagation of Scurrula oleifolia (J.C.Wendl.) G.Don
Scurrula oleifolia can be propagated through two methods: seed propagation and stem cutting propagation.
Seed propagation
The seeds of Scurrula oleifolia can be collected during fruit ripening. The ripe fruit is dark brown or black, and easily breaks open to reveal one or two reddish-brown seeds. The seeds should be sown immediately after collection. Germination rate is reported to be low, so it is advisable to sow a larger number of seeds and thin out the seedlings later. The seeds should be sown in well-drained soils and kept moist under partial shade until germination. Germination can take anywhere from one to six months.
Stem cutting propagation
Stem cutting propagation is a faster and more reliable method compared to seed propagation for Scurrula oleifolia. The cuttings should be taken from mature, disease-free branches. The cuttings should be about 10-15 cm long and taken from the top or middle portions of the plant. The cuttings should be treated with a rooting hormone and planted in a well-drained potting mix, such as a mixture of vermiculite and organic matter. The cuttings should be kept in a warm, humid environment, under partial shade, until roots and new shoots are observed. This can take around one to two months.
Disease and Pest Management for Scurrula oleifolia (J.C.Wendl.) G.Don
Scurrula oleifolia (J.C.Wendl.) G.Don, commonly known as yellow necklacepod, is a parasitic plant that belongs to the Loranthaceae family. Being a parasitic plant, it requires a host to grow and obtain nutrients. As a result, it is susceptible to pest and disease attacks. Here are some common diseases and pests that affect the yellow necklacepod and how to manage them.
Diseases that Affect Scurrula oleifolia
Leaf Rust: Leaf rust is a fungal disease that appears as yellow or brown spots on the leaves. As the disease progresses, the spots turn reddish-brown and produce rusty spores. To manage leaf rust, remove infected leaves and maintain good air circulation around the plant. Fungicides may also be used, but they should be applied early in the season before the disease takes hold.
Phytophthora Root Rot: Phytophthora root rot is a fungal disease that causes yellowing and wilting of the plant. The disease is caused by overwatering, poor drainage, and poor soil conditions. To manage phytophthora root rot, ensure the plant is growing in well-draining soil. Avoid overwatering and amend the soil with compost to improve soil structure.
Pests that Affect Scurrula oleifolia
Scale Insects: Scale insects are tiny, oval, and immobile pests that feed on the plant's sap. They appear as small bumps on the stem and leaves and can cause yellowing of the plant. To manage scale insects, remove them with a soft brush or cotton swab dipped in alcohol. Insecticidal soap can also be applied, but it should be done cautiously as it can harm beneficial insects.
Aphids: Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on the plant's sap. They cluster on the undersides of leaves and can cause severe damage to the plant. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a strong stream of water to dislodge them. Alternatively, insecticidal soap or neem oil can be used.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that suck on the plant's sap, causing yellow spots on the leaves. They also produce webbing around the plant. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a strong stream of water to dislodge them. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can also be used.
In conclusion, the yellow necklacepod is susceptible to various pests and diseases. Proper plant care, good sanitation practices, and the use of organic options for pest control are some of the ways to manage the diseases and pests effectively. It is always important to monitor the plant regularly for signs of damage to detect and address any issues early.
