Overview
Schrebera saundersiae Harv. is a flowering plant species belonging to the family Oleaceae. It is native to Southern Africa and is commonly found in Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and South Africa. This plant is known for its ornamental value, as well as its medicinal properties.Common Names
Schrebera saundersiae Harv. is commonly known as the African milkplum or the forest milkplum. The plant is called "umqokolo" in Zulu, "umgalo" in Xhosa, and "umghazana" in Swati.Uses
The African milkplum tree has many uses in African traditional medicine. It has been used to treat various ailments such as stomach aches, malaria, and respiratory issues. The bark has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, and a decoction of the bark is used to treat rheumatism. The leaves and bark are also used in the treatment of skin diseases and wounds. Additionally, the fruit of the African milkplum is edible and has been traditionally used to make jam, wine, and beer. The wood is also useful and is used for making furniture, utensils, and carvings.General Appearance
The African milkplum tree can grow up to a height of 20 meters and has a grey bark that is smooth in young trees but rough and flaky in older trees. The leaves are simple and opposite, with a bright glossy green color and an elliptic shape that tapers to a pointed tip. The tree produces fragrant white flowers that attract bees and other pollinators. The fruit is a yellow-orange berry, which is edible and contains a milky sap.Light Requirements
Schrebera saundersiae Harv. requires bright but indirect sunlight. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves and harm the plant. It is best to place the plant near a window that receives morning sunlight but is shaded in the afternoon.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Schrebera saundersiae Harv. is between 20°C and 30°C. The plant can tolerate temperatures as low as 15°C but may suffer damage if exposed to temperatures below 10°C. High temperatures above 35°C can also harm the plant.
Soil Requirements
Schrebera saundersiae Harv. prefers a well-draining soil mixture, rich in organic content. The soil should not stay too wet or dry out completely. A mixture of peat moss and perlite or sand works well for potted plants. In their natural habitats, the plant grows in sandy soils rich with organic matter.
Cultivation methods for Schrebera saundersiae Harv.
The Schrebera saundersiae Harv., commonly known as African sandalwood, is a tree that grows naturally in tropical areas of sub-Saharan Africa. When cultivating the plant, it is essential to consider the climate and soil conditions. The tree prefers well-draining soil with a high content of organic matter and a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5. It thrives in areas with a temperature range of 21 to 32°C, and it requires regular pruning to maintain its shape.
Watering Needs for Schrebera saundersiae Harv.
The African sandalwood tree requires regular watering during its early growth stages to establish a deep root system. Once established, the plant can tolerate periods of drought, but it requires regular watering during prolonged dry spells. It is best to water the Schrebera saundersiae Harv. plants deeply and infrequently rather than shallowly and often. The plant is prone to root rot if it is overwatered, so it is essential to ensure that the soil is well-draining to avoid waterlogging.
Fertilization of Schrebera saundersiae Harv.
Regular fertilization is necessary to ensure that the African sandalwood tree grows healthy and strong. The plant requires fertilizer rich in phosphorus and nitrogen to support its vigorous growth. Fertilizers that are high in potassium should be avoided as they can cause damage to the plant. It is best to apply fertilizer during the early growth stages of the plant and then gradually reduce the frequency of application as the plant matures.
Pruning of Schrebera saundersiae Harv.
Pruning is an essential aspect of cultivating the Schrebera saundersiaeHarv. plant. Regular pruning helps to shape the tree and maintain its height. The plant is usually pruned in the winter months when it is dormant. It is important to remove any diseased or damaged branches and to thin out crowded areas to allow for better air circulation. Pruning is also essential to encourage the growth of lateral branches and improve the overall appearance of the tree.
Propagation of Schrebera saundersiae Harv
Schrebera saundersiae Harv. is a beautiful evergreen tree that belongs to the Oleaceae family. The plant is commonly called Forest Bell Bush and is native to South Africa. It is a valuable timber tree, and its bark is used to make medicinal potions. The tree can be propagated through various methods.
Seed Propagation
One of the most common ways to propagate Schrebera saundersiae Harv. is through seeds. The fruits of the tree are round and contain one or two seeds. Once the fruit is mature, it falls to the ground, and the seeds can be collected. The seeds need to be cleaned and soaked in water for several hours to remove the fleshy layer around them. Then, they can be sown in a container filled with well-draining soil. The container should be kept in a warm and moist environment, and the seeds will germinate within a few weeks. Once the seedlings are big enough, they can be transplanted to a bigger container or to the ground.
Cuttings Propagation
Another way to propagate the plant is through cuttings. The best time to take cuttings is during the spring. Softwood cuttings should be taken from the tip of the branch and should be approximately 10 cm long. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone before planting. The cutting should be planted in a container filled with moist soil and placed in a warm and shaded area. The cutting should be watered regularly, and within a few weeks, roots should start to develop. Once the roots are established, the young plant can be transplanted to a bigger container or to the ground.
Air Layering Propagation
Air layering is another way to propagate Schrebera saundersiae Harv. This method is suitable for larger branches. A portion of the bark and cambium layer is removed, and the exposed area is covered with wet sphagnum moss. The moss is then wrapped with plastic or aluminum foil to maintain moisture. The moss should be kept moist until roots develop. Once roots have developed, the newly rooted branch can be cut and planted in a container or directly in the ground.
Disease and Pest Management for Schrebera saundersiae Harv.
Schrebera saundersiae Harv. is generally a low-maintenance plant, but like any other plant, it is susceptible to various diseases and pests. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Anthracnose: This fungal disease can cause leaf spots, irregular brown patches, and eventually lead to defoliation. It can be managed by removing the infected leaves, providing adequate air circulation, and keeping the foliage dry. Fungicides can also be applied as a preventative measure.
Root Rot: Overwatering or poorly-draining soil can lead to root rot, which is caused by fungal pathogens. It can be prevented by providing well-draining soil and letting the top inch of soil dry out before watering. Fungicides can also be used to treat existing infections.
Powdery Mildew: A common fungal disease that causes a white, powdery coating on the leaves. Infected leaves can be removed, and fungicides can be applied as a preventative measure. Good air circulation and reducing humidity can also help prevent the disease.
Pests
Scale Insects: These pests can feed on plant sap, causing yellowing and stunted growth. They can be managed by manually removing them with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol or by using a horticultural oil spray.
Aphids: These small, pear-shaped insects can cause leaf curling and distortion. They can be controlled with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Beneficial insects like ladybugs can also help control aphid populations.
Caterpillars: These pests can feed on the leaves, causing holes and defoliation. They can be removed by hand or controlled with Bacillus thuringiensis (BT), a natural bacterial insecticide.
In conclusion, disease and pest management for Schrebera saundersiae Harv. involve practicing good cultural practices, maintaining proper watering techniques, and identifying and controlling any pest or disease problem immediately to prevent further damage to the plant.
