Overview
Schizolobium parahybum, commonly known as the Brazilian Firetree, is a species of flowering tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native to South America and can be found in Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay. This impressive tree reaches up to 30 meters in height and has a wide canopy that provides shade and shelter to animals and humans alike.
Appearance
The Brazilian Firetree has a large, cylindrical trunk with rough grey bark. Its leaves are fern-like and can stretch up to 60 cm in length. The tree produces highly fragrant and vibrant yellow flowers in the spring, followed by 40 cm long seed pods that contain small, black seeds. The wood of this tree is dense and often used in construction and for producing charcoal.
Common Names
The Brazilian Firetree is known by several names, including Guapuruvu, Brazilian Firetree, and Brazilian Fern Tree.
Uses
The Brazilian Firetree has many uses. In traditional medicine, the bark and roots of the tree are used to treat fevers, respiratory ailments, and to boost the immune system. The wood is often used in construction, and the seeds provide food for animals, such as birds and mammals. Brazilian Firetree is also useful in land restoration projects due to its nitrogen-fixing abilities, which promote soil fertility.
Overall, Schizolobium parahybum is an impressive and versatile tree that provides numerous benefits to people and the environment.Light Requirements
The Schizolobium parahybum plant requires bright, direct sunlight to thrive. Therefore, it should be planted in an area with ample exposure to the sun. The plant can still grow in areas with partial shade, but this may affect its growth rate and overall health.
Temperature Requirements
The Schizolobium parahybum plant thrives in temperatures ranging from 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. It is highly sensitive to frost, and its growth may slow down or even stop under low temperatures. Therefore, the plant should be grown in environments with temperatures within its preferred range.
Soil Requirements
The Schizolobium parahybum plant grows best in well-draining soils with a slightly acidic pH of 5.5 to 6.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter and have good moisture retention properties. The plant is also capable of growing in soils with low fertility, but this may affect its growth rate. It is important to ensure the soil is not compacted to allow for proper root development and water infiltration.
Cultivation Methods
Schizolobium parahybum can be grown in a variety of soil types, but it prefers well-drained soils with a pH of 6.0-7.5. The plant grows best under full sunlight exposure, but it can tolerate partial shade. Seeds are the usual method of propagation, and they can be sown directly into the ground, or in seedbeds, 10-15 cm apart. In 3-4 weeks, the seeds should have germinated and should be ready for transplanting.
Watering Needs
The watering needs of Schizolobium parahybum vary with the growth stage. Young seedlings require regular watering to maintain an even moisture level in the soil. In contrast, mature plants can tolerate drought conditions but need watering during prolonged dry periods. Irrigation should be done once a week, or as needed depending on the weather and soil type.
Fertilization
Schizolobium parahybum requires regular fertilization to promote healthy growth and better yields. At the planting stage, 300-500 g of farmyard manure should be applied to each planting hole. Six months later, apply nitrogenous fertilizers at the rate of 60-120 g per tree. After the first year, apply fertilizers at the rate of 120-180 g per tree yearly, split into two or three applications. The best time to apply the fertilizer is at the onset of the rainy season.
Pruning
Schizolobium parahybum requires little pruning, but removing dead branches, suckers, and damaged parts promotes plant growth and health. Pruning should be done in the early stages of growth to shape the tree and promote good branch development. Farmers should use sterilized pruning tools and remove only a third of the branches to avoid stressing the plant. Pruning should be done during the dry season to prevent the entry of pests and diseases through the open pruning cuts.
Propagation of Schizolobium parahybum (Vell.) Blake
Schizolobium parahybum (Vell.) Blake, also known as Guapuruvu, is a fast-growing leguminous tree species native to Brazil. Propagation of this plant species includes both sexual and asexual methods.
Seed propagation
The most common method of propagating Schizolobium parahybum is through seeds. The seeds are usually collected from mature pods that have turned brown. After collection, the seeds should be treated with hot water or sulfuric acid for scarification. This process helps to break down the seed coat and improve the seed's chances of germination.
Once the seeds are scarified, they should be soaked in water for 12-24 hours before planting. The seeds should be planted in well-drained soil, and the planting depth should be around 2-3 times the thickness of the seed. Germination usually occurs within 3-4 weeks, and the young seedlings can be transplanted into their permanent location after they have reached 15-20 cm in height.
Cutting propagation
An asexual method of propagating Schizolobium parahybum is through cuttings. This method involves taking cuttings from mature trees and planting them directly in the soil. The cuttings should be taken from the tip of the branch, and they should be 20-30 cm long and have a diameter of 1-2 cm.
After taking the cuttings, they should be dipped in rooting hormone and then planted in well-drained soil. The cuttings should be planted in a shaded area and kept moist until they start to grow. This method of propagation has a low success rate, but it can be a viable option for propagating Schizolobium parahybum.
Disease and Pest Management for Schizolobium parahybum (Vell.) Blake
Schizolobium parahybum is a fast-growing tree species that is native to South America. The plant is relatively disease-resistant, but it can be affected by certain pests and diseases under certain conditions. It is essential to keep the plant healthy by following proper management practices to avoid any potential damage caused by pests and diseases.
Common diseases that affect Schizolobium parahybum
The most common diseases that affect Schizolobium parahybum are fungal diseases. Some of the prevalent fungal diseases include:
- Anthracnose: This disease is characterized by the appearance of dark, sunken lesions on leaves, stems, and fruits.
- Canker: Canker is caused by fungal infections that result in patches of dead bark.
- Root rot: Root rot is caused by several fungi that infect the roots, leading to yellowing and wilting of the leaves.
Pest Management
Schizolobium parahybum is also susceptible to pest attacks. Here are the pests that can affect the plant:
- Spider mites: Spider mites feed on the leaves, causing them to turn yellow and become brittle.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars eat the leaves, causing significant damage. The larvae of sawflies also cause similar damages to leaves.
- Mealybugs: Mealybugs are small insects that feed on the sap of the plant. They cause the leaves to yellow and curl, and can also cause the plant to weaken over time.
- Trips: Thrips are tiny insects that feed on the buds and flowers of the plant, leading to the deformation of the flowers and fruits.
Disease Management
The following measures can prevent and manage the fungal diseases that affect Schizolobium parahybum:
- Pruning: Prune the affected parts of the plant, and destroy the pruned parts away from the plant to avoid spreading the disease.
- Fungicides: Application of fungicides can control the spread of fungal diseases.
- Soil drainage: Adequate soil drainage is essential in preventing root rot disease. Ensure that the plant is not overwatered, especially during the rainy season.
- Cultural practices: Maintain a clean garden by removing all plant debris around the plant. This will prevent the development of fungal diseases.
Pest Management
The following measures can help prevent and manage pests that attack Schizolobium parahybum:
- Biological control: This method involves introducing natural predators to control pest infestations.
- Chemical control: Use insecticides to control pests that cannot be managed through biological means.
- Pruning: Prune the affected parts of the plant, and destroy the pruned parts away from the plant to avoid spreading pests.
By following the proper management practices, plant owners can protect their Schizolobium parahybum plant from disease and pest infestations. It is essential to identify the signs of disease and pests early to apply the appropriate management measures to control and prevent the spread.
