Overview
Schizoglossum umbellatum Schltr. is an orchid species that is native to the tropical regions of Africa. It is commonly known as the Umbellate Schizoglossum and belongs to the Orchidaceae family. The plant has become popular in the horticultural industry and is now being cultivated worldwide.
Appearance
Schizoglossum umbellatum Schltr. typically grows up to a height of 40 cm, with a slender and leafless stem. The plant produces numerous delicate, cream-colored flowers that are arranged in an umbel at the end of the stem. The flowers have a unique structure and are known for their intricate lip. The lip is divided into three lobes, with the middle lobe being much larger and fringed. The plant also has several long, thread-like leaves that are borne on the stem.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as the Umbellate Schizoglossum in English. In other languages, it has different names such as 'rosa de chumbo' in Portuguese and 'wagalogolo' in the Bemba language of Zambia.
Uses
Schizoglossum umbellatum Schltr. is primarily grown as an ornamental plant due to its unique and delicate flowers. The plant is suitable for growing in pots and as a decorative plant in gardens. In some regions of Africa, the plant is also used for medicinal purposes. The roots and leaves are made into a decoction and used to treat fever, coughs, and other respiratory ailments. The plant is also used as an aphrodisiac, particularly in Zambia.
Light Requirements
Schizoglossum umbellatum Schltr. is a tropical plant that thrives in bright, indirect sunlight. It can tolerate some direct sunlight in the morning and late afternoon, but too much direct sunlight can scorch its leaves. Therefore, it is recommended to place the plant near a window or in an area with filtered light.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Schizoglossum umbellatum Schltr. is between 18°C to 28°C. This plant cannot tolerate extreme temperatures, whether hot or cold. Therefore, it is important to keep this plant away from drafts and air conditioning vents that can cause sudden fluctuations in temperature.
Soil Requirements
Schizoglossum umbellatum Schltr. grows well in rich, well-draining soil with a slightly acidic pH level of 5.5 to 6.5. A good soil mix for this plant consists of a combination of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite. The soil should be kept slightly moist, but not waterlogged, as this can cause the plant's roots to rot.
Cultivation
Schizoglossum umbellatum Schltr. is a terrestrial orchid found in Africa, particularly in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Cultivating this plant can be challenging since it requires specific growing conditions that mimic its native habitat. It can grow up to 80 cm, producing upright stems with lance-shaped leaves.
For cultivation, it's recommended to use a well-draining growing medium composed of sphagnum moss, charcoal, and perlite. The ideal temperature range is between 20°C to 25°C, with a humidity level of 60-70%. The plant also requires bright but indirect sunlight, making it appropriate for growing in shaded outdoor spots or indoors near a window with filtered light.
Watering Needs
It's crucial to maintain consistent moisture levels when watering Schizoglossum umbellatum Schltr. Once a week, water the plant thoroughly to prevent the soil from drying out and provide the necessary humidity levels. The primary aim is to keep the roots hydrated, but avoid overwatering to prevent root rot, which can be fatal.
Water based on the dampness of the potting medium and the surrounding air's humidity levels. Ensure the water completely drains from the bottom of the pot and doesn't leave stagnant water around the roots. The best way to water is to place the pot in a basin with water and allow the roots to soak up the water from the bottom, then tip out any remaining water after fifteen minutes
Fertilization
To encourage healthy growth and blooming, Schizoglossum umbellatum Schltr. needs regular fertilization. During active growth periods, fertilize with a balanced 20-20-20 or 15-15-15 fertilizer or an orchid-specific fertilizer at one-quarter of the recommended strength. During the plant's dormant period, avoid fertilizing to prevent chemical damage to the roots. It's best to avoid organic compost or fertilizers that contain high concentrations of nitrogen since they can result in leaf growth rather than flower development.
Pruning
Schizoglossum umbellatum Schltr. doesn't require pruning since its natural growth habits rarely need correcting. However, removing yellowed or damaged leaves or flowers will help maintain the plant's aesthetic value. Trimming of the roots is only necessary when the plant gets too large for its pot, and replanting is necessary. Disinfect pruning tools before using them to avoid spreading any disease.
Propagation of Schizoglossum umbellatum Schltr.
Schizoglossum umbellatum Schltr. can be propagated by either seeds or vegetative propagation methods.
Propagation by Seeds:
Seeds are collected from mature seed pods that have turned brown in color. The seeds are sowed in a mixture of sand and peat moss, and kept moist in a humid environment. Germination occurs in approximately 3-4 weeks.
Vegetative Propagation:
Schizoglossum umbellatum Schltr. can be propagated by stem cuttings or division. Stem cuttings are taken from a mature and healthy plant, and the leaves are removed from the lower half of the stem. The cutting is then planted in a mixture of sand and peat moss, and kept moist in a humid environment until new growth appears.
Division is done by separating the root clumps of a mature plant into smaller sections with a sharp knife, and each section is planted individually in a suitable medium. Division is typically done in the spring when new growth appears.
Regardless of the propagation method used, the new plants should be kept in a warm and humid environment with bright, indirect light until they are established and ready to move to their permanent location.
Disease Management:
Several plant diseases can affect Schizoglossum umbellatum Schltr., including fungal leaf spots and stem rots, bacterial soft rot, and viral diseases. To manage fungal leaf spots and stem rots, remove and destroy the infected plant parts, improve air circulation by spacing the plants properly, and avoid overhead watering. Apply fungicides according to the manufacturer's instructions as a preventive measure against fungal infestations. For bacterial soft rot, remove and destroy infected plants and practice good sanitation and watering practices. There are no effective chemical treatments available for bacterial soft rots. For viral diseases, there are no cure options. Therefore, remove and destroy the infected plants, as well as eliminate any vectors that could transmit the virus, to try to prevent further spread.
Pest Management:
Schizoglossum umbellatum Schltr. may be attacked by several insect pests, including aphids, spider mites, thrips, and scale insects. To control aphids, spider mites, and thrips, spray the plants with insecticidal soap, neem oil, or horticultural oil. These treatments work by suffocating or dehydrating the pests, reducing their population. For scale insects, apply isopropyl alcohol with a cotton swab directly to the pests. For severe infestations of any of these pests, treat the plants with an insecticide labeled for use on Schizoglossum umbellatum Schltr. Always read and follow label instructions carefully, as some insecticides can harm beneficial insects and non-target plants.
