Overview:
Schizochilus clavatus Schltr. is a species of orchid that is native to the African continent, particularly found in the eastern and southern regions. It belongs to the family Orchidaceae and is a popular ornamental plant known for its unique appearance.
Common names:
The plant is commonly known by several names, including Clubbed Schizochilus and African Purple Orchid. In Swahili, it is referred to as 'shairi' and 'korontasi' in the Shona language spoken in Zimbabwe.
General appearance:
The Schizochilus clavatus plant has a distinctive appearance that distinguishes it from other orchid species. It typically grows up to a height of 30 cm and has a creeping stem, which has roots that help it grip onto its supporting tree or rock. The foliage is leathery and glossy, with oval-shaped leaves that are around 10 cm long and five cm wide.
The plant's flowers are produced in large clusters and appear from late autumn to winter. They have a unique deep purple colour, which makes them stand out and is why the plant is commonly referred to as the African Purple Orchid. The petals are narrow and elongated, and the labellum has a frilly appearance, making it a favourite among orchid enthusiasts.
Uses:
The Schizochilus clavatus plant is mainly cultivated as an ornamental plant due to its attractive appearance. It is a popular choice for landscapers and homeowners looking to add a touch of colour to their gardens. The plant is also used for its medicinal properties; in the traditional African medicine, the roots and leaves are used to treat various ailments, including throat issues, stomach pains, and venereal diseases.
Light Requirements
Schizochilus clavatus Schltr. prefers bright, indirect sunlight. It should be placed in an area with filtered light, such as on a windowsill with a sheer curtain. Direct sunlight may scorch the leaves, leading to irreversible damage.
Temperature Requirements
The plant thrives in a warm, humid environment. The ideal temperature for Schizochilus clavatus Schltr. is around 21-27°C (70-80°F). Cold drafts should be avoided, as they can harm the plant. It's essential to keep the temperature consistent to prevent stress to the plant.
Soil Requirements
Schizochilus clavatus Schltr. requires well-draining soil. A mixture of sphagnum peat moss, perlite, and bark is suitable for the plant. Avoid overwatering, as it can cause the roots to rot. The soil should be allowed to dry partially between watering sessions. It's best to use a pot with drainage holes to allow excess water to escape.
Cultivation
The plant Schizochilus clavatus Schltr. is a terrestrial orchid that can be grown both indoors and outdoors. In its native habitat, it grows in areas that receive dappled sunlight. Therefore, it is essential to provide a similar environment for the plant. The ideal temperature for the plant ranges from 17°C to 30°C.
It is best to grow Schizochilus clavatus Schltr. in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter, such as coconut coir or orchid bark. Plant the orchid in a pot that has drainage holes and ensure that the soil is moist but not waterlogged. The plant can also be grown in a hydroponic system, such as an ebb and flow system, with a nutrient solution that is specifically formulated for orchids.
Watering Needs
Schizochilus clavatus Schltr. prefers to be kept moist but not waterlogged. Water the plant once a week, or when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Be careful not to overwater the plant as it can cause root rot. If the orchid is grown in a hydroponic system, ensure that the roots are always submerged in the nutrient solution.
Fertilization
The plant requires regular fertilization to thrive. A balanced, water-soluble fertilizer that is specifically formulated for orchids can be applied once a month during the growing season, which is typically from spring to autumn. Avoid fertilizing the orchid during its dormant period, which is during the winter months.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Schizochilus clavatus Schltr. However, it is recommended to remove the spent blooms to encourage the plant to produce more flowers. Also, remove any dead or yellowing leaves to prevent them from attracting pests or diseases.
Propagation of Schizochilus clavatus Schltr.
Schizochilus clavatus Schltr. can be propagated through two main methods: division and seed propagation.
Propagation through Division
Division is the most common method of propagating Schizochilus clavatus Schltr. This method involves carefully separating the rhizomes of the mature plant. This process should take place during the plant's dormant season, which is usually in early spring. The newly divided plants should be potted in a well-draining potting mix with a pH of 6.5 to 7.5 and placed in a bright, humid location but not under direct sun. Regular watering should be done to ensure the proper growth of newly propagated plants.
Propagation through Seeds
Seed propagation is another method for propagating Schizochilus clavatus Schltr. This method requires collecting mature, viable seeds from a healthy parent plant. The collected seeds should be sown in a well-draining potting mix with a pH of 6.5 to 7.5. The seeds should be sown very shallow, barely covered with soil, and kept moist. They should be placed in a warm, bright, and humid location but not under direct sunlight. Germination can start after some days, usually five to ten, depending on the condition. The newly propagated seedlings should be transplanted to individual pots or directly into the garden when they reach maturity.
Disease and Pest Management for Schizochilus Clavatus Schltr.
Schizochilus Clavatus Schltr. is a beautiful orchid plant that features purple or pink flowers. However, like any other plant, it is susceptible to various pests and diseases that can compromise its growth and development. Here are some of the common pests and diseases that might affect this plant and ways to manage them.
Pests
Spider Mites: These tiny pests can cause significant damage to Schizochilus Clavatus by sucking sap from the leaves, leading to yellowing and stunted growth. You can control spider mites by regularly misting the plant to increase humidity levels and by wiping the leaves with a damp cloth to remove any pests that may be present. Alternatively, you can use an insecticidal soap or neem oil to control spider mites.
Scale Insects: These pests appear as small white or brown bumps on the leaves and stems of Schizochilus Clavatus. They feed on the plant sap, leading to leaf yellowing and stunted growth. To manage scale insects, you can use rubbing alcohol to wipe them off the plant's surface or use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Diseases
Root Rot: This disease is caused by a fungus that thrives in moist soil conditions. Symptoms of root rot include wilting, yellowing, and soft, mushy roots. To manage root rot, ensure that the soil drains well, and avoid overwatering the plant. You can also apply a fungicide to the soil to prevent the fungus from spreading.
Bacterial Leaf Blight: This disease is caused by a bacterium that affects the leaves of Schizochilus Clavatus. Symptoms include brown or black spots on the leaves, which can cause them to wilt. To manage bacterial leaf blight, remove any infected leaves and avoid overcrowding the plant. You can also apply a copper-based fungicide to control the spread of the disease.
By following these management practices, you can keep pests and diseases at bay and maintain a healthy Schizochilus Clavatus plant.
