Origin
Schizochilus bulbinellus (Rchb.f.) Bolus is a terrestrial orchid species native to southern Africa, particularly in the Cape Province of South Africa and the eastern regions of Zimbabwe.
Common Names
This orchid species is commonly known as the Little Onion orchid due to the shape and size of its fleshy, onion-like corms. It is also called the Bulbine-little Lip orchid, in reference to its small lip, which carries the plant's reproductive structures.
Appearance
The Schizochilus bulbinellus typically grows up to 20 cm in height and comprises lance-shaped leaves and a short inflorescence bearing up to five flowers. The flowers have greenish-yellow sepals and petals, with a small purplish-lavender lip. The petals and sepals spread outwards in a star-shaped form, framing the distinct lip in the center of the bloom. The corms are typically small and rounded with a diameter of 2 to 3 cm.
Uses
Despite its ornamental value, Little Onion orchid does not have any significant medicinal, nutritional, or cultural uses. However, its charming blooms and interesting bulbous growth formation make it ideal for cultivation in gardens, greenhouses, and as a specimen houseplant. This plant prefers well-draining sandy soils with a high content of organic matter and dappled light conditions for ideal growth.
Light Requirements
Schizochilus bulbinellus requires bright and indirect light to grow properly. It is best to place the plant in a shaded area with good air circulation. Direct sunlight must be avoided as it can cause damage to the leaves and roots.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers moderate temperatures. Temperatures between 20 to 25 degrees Celsius are ideal for the proper growth of Schizochilus bulbinellus. It can tolerate slightly lower temperatures during the night but must be protected from frost.
Soil Requirements
Schizochilus bulbinellus requires well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil should have a slightly acidic to neutral pH between 5.5 to 7.0. The use of a high-quality potting mix with good drainage properties is recommended.
Cultivation
Schizochilus bulbinellus (Rchb.f.) Bolus, commonly known as the African Butterfly Orchid, can be grown indoors or outdoors, depending on the climatic conditions of your area. This plant requires a well-draining soil mix and indirect sunlight for optimal growth. The plant prefers temperatures between 60-80°F, so it is crucial to regulate the temperature and humidity levels in your growing environment.
Watering
Proper watering is essential to maintain the healthy growth of the African Butterfly Orchid. Overwatering the plant can lead to root rot, while underwatering can result in drought and stunted growth. Water the plant once a week during the growing season and reduce the frequency of watering during the winter months. Using a moisture meter or testing the soil with your finger can help you determine when to water the plant.
Fertilization
Fertilizing Schizochilus bulbinellus is crucial to provide the essential nutrients required for healthy growth. The plant requires a balanced fertilizer mix that contains a higher ratio of nitrogen during the growing season to promote strong foliage and phosphorus and potassium during the flowering season to promote blooms. Fertilize the plant once a month during the active growing season, following the instructions on the fertilizer package.
Pruning
Pruning African Butterfly Orchids is essential to remove dead or damaged foliage and encourage healthy growth. Remove any spent or discolored leaves by cutting them off close to the base of the plant. Trim back spent flower spikes to promote the growth of new spikes. Be sure to use sterilized scissors or pruning shears to avoid transmitting any disease or pathogens to the plant.
Propagation of Schizochilus bulbinellus (Rchb.f.) Bolus
Schizochilus bulbinellus is a rare and exotic orchid species native to South Africa. It is a terrestrial orchid that grows from bulbs. The plant produces striking yellow flowers with maroon spots that emerge from a tall spike.
Propagation through Division
The best method for propagating Schizochilus bulbinellus is through division. This should be carried out every two to three years when the plant grows too large for its pot. Divide the bulbs by gently separating them while ensuring they remain intact. Once separated, immediately plant them in individual pots using a well-draining orchid potting mix.
Propagation through Seed Germination
Propagation through seed germination is a longer process and requires a sterile culture. The seeds should be sown as soon as they are ripe, typically in autumn. Use a sterile medium such as agar in a petri dish or a glass jar. Make sure that the medium is moist, not wet, and contains nutrients. Place the dish or jar in a warm and brightly lit spot but not in direct sunlight. Germination can take several weeks to a few months. Once the seedlings have reached a reasonable size, they are ready to be transplanted into individual pots.
Propagation through Cuttings
Propagation through cuttings is not the most effective method for Schizochilus bulbinellus. Still, it is worth a try if division is not possible. Take a cutting that has one or two bulbs and plant it in a well-draining potting mix. Keep the soil moist and the plant in a warm, well-lit place but not in direct sunlight. It can take several months to root, and success is not guaranteed.
Disease and Pest Management for Schizochilus bulbinellus
Schizochilus bulbinellus is a rare orchid species found in south and east Africa. Although it is relatively easy to grow, it can be susceptible to various pests and diseases. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Fungal Infections: Schizochilus bulbinellus can be affected by various fungal infections, such as rust, powdery mildew, and black spot. To prevent fungal infections, it is essential to maintain good air circulation and avoid wetting the foliage. If the plant gets infected, remove the affected parts and treat with a fungicide spray.
Bacterial Infections: Bacterial infections can cause leaf spots, blights, and wilts, which can spread quickly to other plants. To prevent bacterial infections, it is essential to keep the growing area clean and avoid over-watering the plant. If the plant gets infected, remove the affected parts and treat with a copper-based fungicide.
Virus: Schizochilus bulbineullus can also be affected by viral infections such as the orchid necrosis virus and the cucumber mosaic virus. The symptoms include stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. There is no cure for viral infections, so the only effective management is to remove the infected plant and prevent it from spreading to other plants.
Pests
Thrips: Thrips are tiny insects that can invade the flower buds and cause damage to the petals. To manage this pest, use an insecticidal soap spray or release beneficial insects such as ladybugs or lacewings.
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are common pests that can infest the leaves, flowers, and stems. They leave a sticky residue that attracts ants. To manage mealybugs, remove the affected parts, and treat with a neem oil or alcohol spray.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that suck sap from the leaves, causing discoloration and dryness. To manage this pest, wash the leaves with a strong jet of water, and treat with a miticide spray.
In conclusion, Schizochilus bulbinellus can be susceptible to various pests and diseases, but with proper management, they can be controlled effectively. Regular inspection, maintenance, and proper care will ensure a healthy and thriving plant.
