Introduction:
Schizochilus baurii Schltr. is a rare terrestrial orchid species belonging to the genus Schizochilus and the family Orchidaceae. The plant is distributed in a few African countries, including Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya. It is a fascinating species known for its unique appearance and traditional uses.
Common Names:
The Schizochilus baurii Schltr. plant is commonly known as the African butterfly orchid or the African butterfly plant. The plant's common name "butterfly" comes from its flower's resemblance to the butterfly wings. In Swahili, the plant is called Kidikitika, meaning "to move about jerkily," referring to the plant's movement in the wind.
General Appearance:
The Schizochilus baurii Schltr. plant has a distinctive appearance with elongated pseudobulbs that have a dark green shade. Its leaves are narrow, oblong, and held in a fan-like pattern. The plant's inflorescence is upright and produces 4-6 large flowers on separate spikes that are up to 30 cm tall. The flower sepals are white with a pale green edging, while the petals are more prominent dark purple. The lip is a deep purple or maroon with hairy edges, and the central part has a white patch.
Uses:
The Schizochilus baurii Schltr. plant is mainly used for ornamental purposes as it is considered a beautiful species with unique flowers. Further, the plant holds traditional medicinal uses for treating various illnesses. In some African communities, the plant's roots and bulbs are used to cure digestive problems and dysentery. Roots and bulbs are dried and ground into a powder, which is then mixed with water and consumed. It is believed that the plant holds antihistamine properties that cure allergies.
Conclusion:
The Schizochilus baurii Schltr. plant is an attractive species that not only enhances natural vegetation but also holds traditional medicinal remedies. However, the plant species is endangered due to habitat destruction, overcollection, and the ornamental plant trade. These threats suggest the need for conservation efforts to protect and sustainably use this unique species.
Light Requirements
Schizochilus baurii Schltr. typically grows in the understory of forests, which indicates that it prefers filtered light or partial shade rather than direct sunlight. Providing it with bright indirect light will help it thrive. Direct sunlight should be avoided as it can scorch the leaves and inhibit the plant's growth.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature range for Schizochilus baurii Schltr. is between 60-80°F (15-27°C). Anything below or above that range can cause the plant to struggle or eventually die. It is important to keep the temperature consistent and avoid any temperature fluctuations that can shock the plant.
Soil Requirements
Schizochilus baurii Schltr. is an epiphytic orchid and prefers well-draining soil that replicates the conditions of its natural habitat. A popular soil mix is one part bark or fir bark, one part coarse perlite, and one part sphagnum moss. A pH range of 5.5 to 6.5 is best for this plant. It is important to avoid soil that retains too much moisture as it can cause root rot and damage the plant.
Cultivation Methods
Schizochilus baurii Schltr. is commonly called the lavender orchid and requires warm to hot temperatures to thrive. They grow well in tropical climates and prefer humid environments. Growers must take very good care of these plants, as they are highly susceptible to disease, pests, and temperature fluctuations.
These orchids should be grown in containers filled with a mixture of peat moss, perlite, and orchid bark. The container should be well-drained and provide a good supportive system for the roots. Planting this orchid in a good-quality container with efficient drainage ensures a good start for your lavender orchid.
Watering Needs
Lavender orchids require frequent watering. They should be watered once a day in warm weather and fewer when weather is cooler. Be careful not to overwater them, as overwatering affects the roots and results in wilted leaves and flowers.
Avoid using tap water when watering these orchids. They grow better if you use filtered or distilled water. The humid environment in the container should be maintained using a humidity tray or placing the container on a moist pebble tray.
Fertilization
The lavender orchid requires regular fertilization to grow healthily. They should be fertilized once a month. It would help if you used high-quality orchid fertilizers that consist of the needed nutrients and trace minerals.
The fertilization of the lavender orchid should be done during their growth phase in the spring and summer growing seasons. It is essential to avoid fertilizing during the fall and winter seasons.
Pruning
Pruning should be done to maintain the shape and fitness of the orchid. The best time to prune the lavender orchid is after flowering. This will help promote new growth and encourage the next round of flowering.
You should cut off the dead flower spikes and any yellow or damaged leaves. If you notice any damaged or diseased parts of the plant, prune them immediately to prevent the spread of disease to the root system.
Propagation of Schizochilus baurii Schltr.
Schizochilus baurii Schltr. is a terrestrial orchid that can be propagated through various methods. Here are some of the most effective propagation techniques:
Propagation through division
The most common method to propagate Schizochilus baurii Schltr. is through division. This involves separating the plant's rhizomes and replanting them in a new container or location. The best time to divide Schizochilus baurii Schltr. is in spring when new growth appears. Before dividing, make sure to sterilize the cutting tool to avoid infecting the plant. Divide the rhizomes into sections with multiple growth points, making sure each section has several roots attached. Transplant the divided sections into a pot with a well-draining potting mix.
Propagation through seed
Another method of propagating Schizochilus baurii Schltr. is through seed. Collect mature seed pods in autumn or winter, and let them dry out for a few days. Sow the seeds on the top of a moist yet well-draining potting mix. Cover the seeds lightly with a layer of sphagnum moss and plastic wrap. Place the container in a warm, bright area with indirect sunlight. Water the seeds regularly to prevent the soil from drying out, and remove the plastic wrap once the seeds start to germinate. It takes up to 2-3 years before the plant reaches maturity.
Propagation through keiki
Schizochilus baurii Schltr. produces plantlets called keiki that can be attached to the mother plant or removed for propagation. To remove a keiki, carefully cut the stem attaching it to the mother plant and pot it in a new container with a well-draining potting mix. Provide bright indirect light and keep the soil evenly moist. The keiki will develop into a mature plant within a year or two.
Disease and Pest Management for Schizochilus baurii Schltr.
Schizochilus baurii Schltr., also known as the African fairy orchid, is a beautiful and delicate flowering plant that requires proper care and maintenance to thrive. One of the essential aspects of taking care of this plant is disease and pest management.
Common Diseases
The African fairy orchid is susceptible to various diseases, including:
- Anthracnose: This fungal disease causes leaf spotting, wilting, and the eventual death of the plant. To prevent anthracnose, make sure to keep the plant dry and avoid overwatering. Remove infected leaves and apply a fungicide as necessary.
- Bacterial leaf spot: This bacterial disease causes brown spots on the leaves, which may eventually lead to leaf drop. To prevent bacterial leaf spot, make sure to keep the plant dry and avoid overhead watering. Remove infected leaves and apply a bactericide as necessary.
- Root rot: This fungal disease can lead to root death and plant collapse. To prevent root rot, make sure to use well-draining soil and avoid overwatering. Remove infected roots and apply a fungicide as necessary.
Common Pests
In addition to diseases, the African fairy orchid is also susceptible to various pests, including:
- Aphids: These small insects suck sap from the plant, causing yellowing and stunted growth. To control aphids, spray the plant with a strong stream of water or apply an insecticidal soap or oil.
- Mites: These tiny pests also suck sap from the plant, causing yellowing and distortion of the leaves. To control mites, spray the plant with a strong stream of water or apply an insecticidal soap or oil.
- Scale insects: These small insects attach themselves to the plant, causing yellowing and stunted growth. To control scale insects, remove them with a soft brush or cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol.
It is always best to prevent pests and diseases in the first place by keeping the plant healthy and free from stress. Ensure adequate watering, fertilization, and light, and avoid overcrowding and poor air circulation.
