Overview
Schizachyrium compressum (Stapf) Stapf is a species of grass that belongs to the Poaceae family. It is native to Africa and primarily found in countries such as Angola and Zambia. This plant is widely cultivated in other parts of the world due to its unique characteristics and various uses.
Common names
Schizachyrium compressum is known by several common names, including red grass, narrow-leaved lovegrass, and wiregrass. The name "red grass" is derived from the plant's reddish-brown color, while "narrow-leaved lovegrass" refers to the small, slender leaves of the plant.
Appearance
Schizachyrium compressum is a perennial grass that typically grows to a height of 30 to 60 cm. It has narrow, upright leaves that are greenish-grey in color. In some varieties, the leaves may take on a reddish-brown hue. The plant produces slender, wiry stalks that grow up from a clump of stems. The inflorescence is a compact, cylindrical spike with spikelets that contain small, light brown seeds.
Uses
Schizachyrium compressum has several uses in agriculture and horticulture. It is commonly used as a forage plant for grazing livestock due to its high nutritional value. The plant is also used in erosion control for its ability to stabilize soil and prevent soil erosion in areas where vegetation is sparse. In addition, it is often used as an ornamental plant for its unique appearance and as a groundcover in gardens and landscaping.
Light Requirements
Schizachyrium compressum commonly known as goblin grass requires full sun exposure to thrive. This grass species will grow best when exposed to direct sunlight for at least 6 hours per day.
Temperature Requirements
This plant species can tolerate a wide range of temperature conditions. It can withstand high temperatures and drought conditions which makes it suitable for growing in arid and semi-arid regions. Ideally, the average temperature should be between 68°F and 86°F (20°C - 30°C) for optimal growth.
Soil Requirements
Schizachyrium compressum can grow in many types of soils, including sandy soils, loamy soils, and clay soils. However, it prefers well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. Soil fertility is not a major concern as this plant species can thrive in poor soils with low nutrient content.
Cultivation
Schizachyrium compressum, commonly known as grass little bluestem, is a native grass species that is well-adapted to various soil types, including sandy, dry, or rocky, making it easy to cultivate. It prefers full sun and can tolerate drought, making it an ideal plant for xeriscaping.
Watering Needs
Although Schizachyrium compressum is drought tolerant, it still requires watering to thrive. Water newly planted seeds regularly until they germinate and establish roots. Once the plants are established, they only need occasional watering during extreme drought or prolonged periods of dry weather. Always ensure the topsoil is dry before watering again, as overwatering can cause root rot and other issues.
Fertilization
Little bluestem grass does not require fertilization to flourish in a home garden or landscape. However, if soil tests indicate nutrient deficiencies, organic fertilizer amendments can be added. An all-purpose organic fertilizer can be added in the spring when the plant wakes up, but this should be used sparingly as overfertilization can lead to weak plant growth.
Pruning
Little bluestem grass does not require pruning. However, removing old or dead plant material will make the plant look tidier and promote new growth. You can cut back the plant to around 6 inches from the crown in early spring just before new growth appears. At this time, you may also divide the plant to propagate it.
Propagation of Schizachyrium compressum
Schizachyrium compressum can be propagated through various methods, including seeds, rhizome division, and stem cuttings.
Seeds
The most common propagation method for Schizachyrium compressum is through seeds. Seeds can be collected from the plant, dried, and stored until their planting season. They can also be purchased from nurseries or other seed providers. The best time to sow seeds is in the spring after the last frost. Seeds can be sown directly in the ground or started indoors and then transplanted. Seeds should be planted at a depth of ¼ inch in well-draining soil. Germination usually occurs in six to eight weeks.
Rhizome Division
Schizachyrium compressum can also be propagated through rhizome division. This method involves digging up the plant and dividing the rhizomes into sections, each with its own set of roots. These sections can then be replanted in a new location. Rhizome division is best done in the spring or fall when the plant is dormant.
Stem Cuttings
Schizachyrium compressum can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Cuttings should be taken in the spring or early summer from the plant's new growth. Cuttings should be approximately 4-6 inches long and should have at least two nodes. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cutting should be planted in a well-draining soil mix. The cutting should be kept moist and out of direct sunlight until it has developed roots.
Disease and Pest Management for Schizachyrium Compressum
Schizachyrium compressum is generally a hardy and disease-resistant plant. However, it can occasionally suffer from pest infestations and diseases, which can reduce its vigor and affect its appearance. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and suggestions to manage them.
Diseases
Fungal Leaf Spots: Fungal leaf spots are one of the most common diseases that can affect Schizachyrium compressum. These leaf spots appear as small brown or black spots with yellow halos on the leaves. The best way to manage this disease is to avoid overhead watering and to keep the leaves dry. Also, be sure to remove any fallen leaves from the base of the plant to prevent the spread of the fungus.
Root Rot: Root rot is caused by soil-borne fungi and can affect Schizachyrium compressum if the soil is too damp or poorly drained. Symptoms of root rot include stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and a general decline in the plant's health. To manage this disease, ensure that the plant is planted in well-draining soil, and avoid overwatering.
Pests
Grasshoppers: Grasshoppers can occasionally feed on Schizachyrium compressum, particularly in dry years. To manage this pest, remove any nearby grassy areas that can serve as breeding grounds for grasshoppers. Also, you can try using insecticidal soaps or neem oil to control the population.
Sod Webworms: Sod webworms are small, gray caterpillars that can feed on the leaves and stems of Schizachyrium compressum, causing significant damage. To manage this pest, use insecticidal soaps or neem oil. Also, consider introducing natural predators such as birds and parasitic wasps to control the population.
By following these pest and disease management tips, you can keep your Schizachyrium compressum healthy and vibrant.
