Overview of Schismatomma ocellatum (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
Schismatomma ocellatum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. is a lichenized fungus that belongs to the family Trypetheliaceae. It is commonly known as the Ocellated Tree Lichen or the Eyed Lichen. The species was first named by William Nylander and later revised by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1928. It is native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, especially Europe and North America.
General Appearance
The thallus of Schismatomma ocellatum is leafy, flat, and has a diameter of up to 7 cm. Its upper surface is brownish or olive-green with rounded or elongated lobes that have pale margins. The lobes may also have a bluish-grey tint. The species' lower surface is black and smooth with rhizines serving as anchors to the substrate. The fruiting bodies, or apothecia, appear on the upper surface of the lichen and have a diameter of up to 2 mm. They are dark brown to black and have a raised margin.
Uses of Schismatomma ocellatum
Historically, the Eyed Lichen was used in folk medicine as an astringent and a remedy for stomach problems. It was also used in the tanning industry as a source of tannins for leather production. In modern times, Schismatomma ocellatum is used in environmental monitoring as it is sensitive to pollution. Additionally, it provides an important habitat for insects and small invertebrates.
Conclusion
Schismatomma ocellatum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. is a common lichen that can be found in a wide variety of habitats, such as woodlands, heathlands, and rocky outcrops. It is easily identified by its characteristic "eye-like" apothecia and pale lobes. The lichen has both ecological and cultural significance and serves as an important indicator of environmental health.
Light
Schismatomma ocellatum typically grows in semi-shaded to shaded areas in its natural habitat. As a result, it prefers lower levels of direct sunlight and can tolerate low light conditions. When grown in cultivation, it is recommended to provide it with filtered sunlight or partial shade to replicate its natural conditions.
Temperature
The plant is found in temperate regions with cool to moderate temperatures. It grows well in temperatures ranging from 10°C to 23°C (50°F to 73°F) and can tolerate frost during the dormant period. Care should be taken to ensure that the plant is not exposed to high temperatures or temperatures above 25°C (77°F) for extended periods.
Soil
Schismatomma ocellatum usually grows on bark or dead wood of trees. In cultivation, it can be grown on a substrate of bark or wood chips. It prefers a slightly acidic to neutral substrate with a pH level ranging from 5.5 to 7.0. The substrate should be well-draining and not become waterlogged. Adequate moisture should be maintained in the substrate without allowing it to dry out completely.
Cultivation Methods
Schismatomma ocellatum, commonly known as spotted rock lichen, is a resilient species that can be cultivated with minimal effort. The plant is naturally found growing on rocks and stones, so it’s important to recreate similar conditions when cultivating it.
Start by finding a rock or stone that is similar in size and texture to those found in the plant’s natural habitat. Then, gently scrape off any debris or dirt on the surface of the rock, making sure not to damage the lichen attached to it.
Once you have a clean surface, place the stone in an area that receives bright, indirect sunlight. Schismatomma ocellatum thrives in moderate temperatures and humidity levels, so it’s best to keep it in a location where the temperature remains between 50-70°F (10-21°C) and the humidity levels are around 50-60%.
Watering Needs
Schismatomma ocellatum is a drought-tolerant species that does not require frequent watering. In fact, overwatering the plant can lead to its death. Water the plant once every two weeks, or whenever the surface of the rock feels completely dry to the touch.
Use a spray bottle to gently mist the surface of the rock with water. Avoid spraying directly on the plant as excessive moisture can lead to rot. After misting, allow the rock to dry out completely before watering again.
Fertilization
Schismatomma ocellatum does not require fertilization as it obtains its nutrients from the air and surrounding environment. Fertilizers can be harmful to lichens, so it’s best to avoid using them. Additionally, avoid using any chemicals or pesticides near the plant as they can be harmful to its growth and survival.
Pruning
Schismatomma ocellatum does not require pruning as it is a slow-growing plant that can grow up to 2-3 centimeters in a year. However, if any dead or damaged lichen is observed, it can be gently removed using a soft-bristled brush or a pair of tweezers.
Propagation of Schismatomma ocellatum
Schismatomma ocellatum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., commonly known as ocellate rock-bristle lichen, is a lichenized fungus that belongs to the family of Pilocarpaceae. It occurs in various habitats such as rock outcrops, boulders, and cliffs in temperate to arctic regions of North America and Europe. Propagation of Schismatomma ocellatum can be achieved through two methods - vegetative and reproductive.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation of Schismatomma ocellatum is primarily achieved through the fragmentation of thallus. The thallus is the vegetative part of the lichen that comprises of fungal hyphae and algal cells. Fragmentation can occur due to natural causes like wind or water erosion or by physical disturbance caused by animals or humans. Propagation through fragmentation allows the dispersal of thallus to new habitats and the colonization of new areas.
Reproductive Propagation
Reproductive propagation of Schismatomma ocellatum occurs through the production of apothecia. Apothecia are the fruiting bodies of lichens that release spores for reproduction. Schismatomma ocellatum produces stalked apothecia that are embedded in the thallus. Spores are released from the apothecia and dispersed by wind or animals to new substrates where they can germinate and establish new thalli. Reproductive propagation allows for genetic diversity in Schismatomma ocellatum populations and increases the chances of adaptability to changing environments.
Disease and Pest Management for Schismatomma ocellatum (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
Schismatomma ocellatum is a lichen that typically grows on tree bark, rocks and soil. While it may not be prone to many diseases, it may still be affected by pests, and it is important to identify these issues before they escalate into a bigger problem. Here's a look at some common diseases and pests that may affect the plant and ways to manage them.
Diseases
Phytophthora canker: This soil-borne disease is caused by a fungus-like organism that causes the plant to develop cankers, root rot, and to wilt or die back. Infected plants should be removed and destroyed, and the soil should be treated with fungicides before planting again.
Lichen Scab: This disease is caused by a fungus that causes the plant to develop dark-colored splotches or blisters on the leaves. This disease can spread rapidly and should be treated with fungicides as soon as possible.
Pests
Spider mites: These tiny arthropods feed on the plant's sap, causing yellowing and curling of the leaves. They can be managed by using insecticidal soaps or oils, or by physically removing them with water or a high-pressure hose.
Scale insects: These insects attach themselves to the plant stems and leaves, sucking out the sap and causing wilting and yellowing of the leaves. They can be controlled by using insecticidal soaps, oils, and other pesticides.
Japanese beetles: Adult beetles feed on the plant's foliage, leaving behind skeletonized leaves, while their larvae feed on the roots. They can be managed by using chemical treatments or by physically removing them.
In conclusion, while Schismatomma ocellatum may not be prone to many diseases, it is still important to be aware of potential issues that may affect the plant, such as pests. By identifying these issues early on and taking appropriate steps to manage them, gardeners can help ensure that their plants remain healthy and productive for years to come.
