Overview
Satyrium parviflorum Sw. var. schimperi (A.Rich.) Schltr. is a species of orchid that belongs to the Satyrium genus. It is endemic to Ethiopia and is typically found growing at high elevations.
Common Names
Some of the common names for Satyrium parviflorum Sw. var. schimperi (A.Rich.) Schltr. include the Ethiopian Satyrium, Schimper's Satyrium, and Small-flowered Satyrium.
Uses
While Satyrium parviflorum Sw. var. schimperi (A.Rich.) Schltr. does not have any significant medicinal uses, it is highly valued for its aesthetic appeal. The plant is often sought after by orchid enthusiasts and growers who appreciate its diminutive size and delicate flowers. Because Satyrium parviflorum Sw. var. schimperi (A.Rich.) Schltr. is rare, it is sometimes listed as an endangered species by various conservation organizations.
General Appearance
Satyrium parviflorum Sw. var. schimperi (A.Rich.) Schltr. grows to a height of around 15 cm and produces a pale green inflorescence that forms a spike. The flowers are small, with a diameter of only around 1 cm. The sepals and petals are a dull yellow-green color and the lip of the flower is a more vibrant yellow or orange. The lip also has a three-lobed shape, with the center lobe typically being the largest. The leaves of Satyrium parviflorum Sw. var. schimperi (A.Rich.) Schltr. are long and narrow and are arranged in a fan-like pattern at the base of the plant.
Light Requirements
Satyrium parviflorum Sw. var. schimperi (A.Rich.) Schltr. requires bright, indirect sunlight for optimal growth. Direct sunlight can be too intense and may cause damage to the leaves and roots of the plant. A good location for this plant is near a window that receives bright, filtered light.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Satyrium parviflorum Sw. var. schimperi (A.Rich.) Schltr. is between 18-24°C (64-75°F). This plant cannot tolerate extreme cold or heat, so it should be kept in a room with a consistent temperature throughout the year. A temperature drop at night is beneficial for the plant's growth and can simulate its natural environment.
Soil Requirements
Satyrium parviflorum Sw. var. schimperi (A.Rich.) Schltr. prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil should be kept consistently moist but not waterlogged as the plant does not tolerate standing water well. The soil should also be slightly acidic, with a pH between 5.5-6.5.
Cultivation Methods
Satyrium parviflorum Sw. var. schimperi (A.Rich.) Schltr. is a terrestrial, African orchid species found in the highlands of Ethiopia and Eritrea, growing at elevations ranging from 2000 to 3000 meters. To cultivate this plant, it needs to be kept in a greenhouse or a warm room with a daytime temperature of 25°C and a nighttime temperature of 12°C to 15°C. It needs to be grown in well-aerated, well-draining potting soil.
Watering Needs
This plant requires regular watering during the growing season, which is from May to October. During this period, water the plant once a week. When watering the plant, moisten the soil thoroughly but avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. During the dormant season, which is from November to April, reduce watering to once or twice a month.
Fertilization
Satyrium parviflorum Sw. var. schimperi (A.Rich.) Schltr. requires regular fertilization to support its growth and flowering. Fertilize the plant once a month during the growing season, from May to October, using a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer. Use a dilute solution of the fertilizer, following the instructions on the package or half the recommended amount.
Pruning
Pruning is necessary for Satyrium parviflorum Sw. var. schimperi (A.Rich.) Schltr. to maintain its shape and prevent the growth of unwanted shoots. The best time to prune the plant is after flowering season, which is from October to December. Remove any dead or yellow leaves as they appear and cut back stems that have finished flowering to encourage new growth.
Propagation of Satyrium parviflorum Sw. var. schimperi
Satyrium parviflorum Sw. var. schimperi (A.Rich.) Schltr., commonly known as the African marsh orchid, can be propagated through various methods:
Division
The easiest way to propagate Satyrium parviflorum is through division. This method is best carried out in spring when the plant is actively growing. Separate the fully developed pseudobulbs from the mother plant, ensure that each of the divisions has a minimum of two healthy pseudobulbs and plant them in the new container with the right soil mix.
Seed Propagation
Propagation by seed is also possible, but it may not be a practical method for obtaining new plants, primarily because it is labor-intensive and requires specialized knowledge for success. Collect the seed capsules once they have dried and turn gray, sow the seeds into a sterilized growing mix with good drainage in a propagating pot, cover the container, and ensure that the growing medium remains moist. Satyrium parviflorum may take up to two years to develop into mature plants.
Meristem Propagation
Satyrium parviflorum also has a unique method of propagation called meristem propagation, which is standard in advanced plant labs. It involves culturing small tissue parts in a sterile environment on a growth medium that provides the necessary nutrients and growth hormones for the development of the plant. This method produces clones of the parent plant and is beneficial to propagate rare or unusual cultivars while eliminating any risks of diseases or pests from the parent plant.
Disease Management
Satyrium parviflorum Sw. var. schimperi (A.Rich.) Schltr. is generally healthy and resistant to many diseases. However, some diseases can still affect this plant, including:
- Leaf spots: These are caused by fungal pathogens and can lead to defoliation if left untreated. To manage this disease, remove the affected leaves and dispose of them properly. Also, ensure proper sanitation practices by cleaning and disinfecting any pruning tools used.
- Root rot: This is caused by waterlogging and is characterized by wilting and yellowing of leaves. To manage this disease, improve drainage and avoid overwatering. In severe cases, uproot the affected plants and dispose of them properly.
- Powdery mildew: This is a fungal disease that appears as a white powdery substance on leaves. To manage this disease, ensure proper air circulation by spacing plants appropriately and avoid overhead watering. Fungicides may also be used as a preventive measure.
Pest Management
While Satyrium parviflorum Sw. var. schimperi (A.Rich.) Schltr. is generally not affected by many pests, some pests can still cause damage to this plant. These include:
- Spider mites: These are tiny reddish-brown pests that can suck sap from leaves leading to stunted growth and leaf drop. To manage these pests, spray the plant with water to dislodge them or use insecticidal soap.
- Aphids: These are small insects that can also suck sap from the plant leading to stunted growth and leaf curling. To manage these pests, regularly inspect the plant and remove any infested leaves. Beneficial insects, such as ladybugs, can also be released to control aphid populations.
- Slugs and snails: These are mollusks that can cause severe damage to leaves and stems by feeding on them at night. To manage these pests, set up traps using beer or eggshells to lure and drown them. Copper tape can also be used to create a barrier around the plant to prevent slugs and snails from reaching it.
