Overview
Sarcostemma subterranea B.R.Adams & R.W.K.Holland, also known as the underground milkweed, is a succulent plant belonging to the Apocynaceae family. The plant is native to South Africa and can be found in the Northern and Eastern Cape provinces.
Appearance
The underground milkweed is a small plant that can grow up to 10 cm tall. It has a long, thin stem and small leaves that grow along the stem. The stem is green and can become reddish-brown in color over time. The plant produces small white or pale yellow flowers that bloom in early summer. The flowers are followed by pods that contain hairy seeds.
Common names
The underground milkweed is commonly known as Sarcostemma subterranea or the underground milkweed. In South Africa, it is also known as witkopwortel, which means "white headroot" in Afrikaans, referring to the root system of the plant.
Uses
The underground milkweed has a few traditional uses. The plant's roots are used in traditional medicine to treat fever and snakebites. The plant is also used in traditional rituals to bring good luck and ward off evil spirits. However, these traditional uses have not been scientifically proven.
The plant is also used as an ornamental plant and is suitable for small gardens and pots. The plant's unusual shape and small size make it an attractive addition to any garden.
Light Requirements
Sarcostemma subterranea prefers full to partial sunlight exposure. It requires at least 4-6 hours of direct sunlight every day to grow vigorously. If exposed to less sunlight, it will grow slowly and produce weak stems and leaves.
Temperature Requirements
This plant grows best in a warm environment. The ideal temperature range for optimal growth is between 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). If the temperature drops below 15°C (59°F), the growth of the plant will slow down, and it may not survive the cold weather.
Soil Requirements
Sarcostemma subterranea thrives in well-drained soils with good moisture-retention capacity. It prefers slightly acidic to neutral soils with a pH range of 6.0-7.5. The plant grows well in poor soils as well, but the soil must be loose and well-drained. Adding organic matter to the soil can improve the soil structure and nutrient levels, which can further enhance the growth of the plant.
It is important to note that Sarcostemma subterranea is highly susceptible to root rot, which can be caused by waterlogging or poor drainage. Therefore, it is recommended to plant this species in well-drained soils or containers with adequate drainage holes at the bottom.
Cultivation methods
Sarcostemma subterranea, also known as the underground milkweed, can be cultivated by planting its stem cutting in a well-draining soil mix. It requires a warm environment with bright light but must be protected from direct sunlight. The plant can be propagated by division of its tuberous rootstocks.
Watering needs
The underground milkweed is drought-tolerant and prefers to be kept dry to avoid root rot. The best way to water this plant is to wait until the soil is completely dry before watering again. It is advised to reduce watering during cool months in winter.
Fertilization
It is recommended to fertilize Sarcostemma subterranea once a month with a balanced fertilizer, rich in Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium. Fertilization should be stopped during winter months to not weaken the growth of the plant.
Pruning
The underground milkweed does not require heavy pruning. However, it is recommended to remove any dead or diseased leaves, stems, and tuberous rootstocks to maintain the plant's health. Prune the plant in the spring to promote the growth of branches and leaves after its dormant winter season.
Propagation of Sarcostemma subterranea B.R.Adams & R.W.K.Holland
Sarcostemma subterranea B.R.Adams & R.W.K.Holland can be successfully propagated by using stem cuttings or seeds.
Propagation through Stem Cuttings
The best time to take stem cuttings of Sarcostemma subterranea is during the growing season, which is between March and June. It is important to choose a healthy plant and cut a stem that is young, firm, and green. A mature stem that has turned brown is not suitable for propagation. The cutting should be about six inches long and should have at least two nodes. Once the cutting is taken, allow it to dry for about a day or two.
After the cutting has dried, dip the cut end in a rooting hormone and plant it in a well-draining potting mix. Water the cutting and keep it in a warm and bright place without exposing it to direct sunlight. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. After about two weeks, the cutting should have developed roots, and it can be transplanted to a bigger pot or directly to the garden.
Propagation through Seeds
The seeds of Sarcostemma subterranea need to be collected as soon as they are ripe. The seeds are dispersed by wind, and it is important to collect them before they fall off the plant. The seeds should be cleaned and dried in a warm, shaded area. Once they are completely dry, they can be stored in a cool and dry place until they are ready to be planted.
To plant the seeds, prepare a well-draining potting mix and plant the seeds about an inch deep. Place the pot in a warm and bright place, but not in direct sunlight. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. The seeds should germinate in about two weeks. Once the seedlings have developed two true leaves, they can be transplanted to a bigger pot or directly to the garden.
Disease and Pest Management for Sarcostemma subterranea B.R.Adams & R.W.K.Holland Plants
Sarcostemma subterranea B.R.Adams & R.W.K.Holland, commonly known as the climbing milkweed, is a species of flowering plant that is resistant to most pests and diseases. It is a drought-tolerant plant that requires minimal care and maintenance. However, just like any other plant, it is susceptible to certain pests and diseases that can affect its growth and health.
Common Pests
One of the common pests that may affect Sarcostemma subterranea is aphids. These tiny insects feed on the sap of the plant, causing stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. To get rid of aphids, you can prune off the affected leaves and shoots or hose the plant down with a stream of water. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control the infestation.
Another pest that may affect this plant is spider mites. These pests suck the sap of the plant, causing wilting of leaves and the appearance of tiny, spider-like webs. To control spider mites, you can use insecticidal soap or neem oil. You can also hose the plant down with a stream of water to get rid of the pests.
Common Diseases
Sarcostemma subterranea is relatively resistant to diseases. However, it may be susceptible to certain fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and black spot. Powdery mildew appears as a white powdery coating on the leaves and stems of the plant, while black spot appears as black circular spots on the leaves.
To prevent powdery mildew and black spot, you should ensure that your plants have good air circulation and are not overcrowded. You should also remove any affected leaves or stems and dispose of them properly. You can also use a fungicide to control the spread of the disease.
In conclusion, Sarcostemma subterranea is a generally robust plant that requires minimal care and is resistant to most pests and diseases. However, it is still important to be aware of the common pests and diseases that may affect this plant and to take appropriate measures to manage them. Proper pest and disease management will help to ensure the health and vitality of your plants.
